Rebellion in Massachusetts, goal was to reform state government, the Fed's ineffective response told people they needed a better government and that the Feds were weak

Compromise that each slave counted for 3/4ths of a person when the votes were counted per state since southern states usually had more slaves than eligible white voters.

Under Andrew Jackson, South Carolina nullified a tariff and the Feds disapproved

Harriet Tubman helped slaves escape through a system of safe checkpoints called the Underground Railroad

Southern Plantations supplied 75% (or 2/3) of the world's cotton by 1860

1,650 Million lbs of cotton a year

Cotton made up over half of the U.S.'s total exports

Southern states feared that Lincoln would take away slavery, when Lincoln was elected he made it illegal for the states to secede

One of the causes for the Civil Rights movement in the U.S.

decided that separate education systems are inherently unequal, paved the way for desegregation of schools

Murder of a young african american boy from the north who spoke to a white woman while visiting his family in the south. Caused civil unrest and one of the causes of the Civil Rights movement.

first president was Martin Luther King, drew membership from the churches which were a really important thing in the black community. Also capitalized on non-violence, but to a greater extent than SNCC. This organization still exists today.

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) formed, this was Lewis's organization, made of college students. SNCC focused on non-violent protests and demonstrations like sit ins. Although they focused on non-violence, they gained a reputation of being a little more aggressive than other organizations due to some members breaking the non-agression rule.

13 African-American and white civil rights activists launched the Freedom Rides, a series of bus trips through the American South to protest segregation in interstate bus terminals. The Freedom Riders, who were recruited by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), a U.S. civil rights group, departed from Washington, D.C., and attempted to integrate facilities at bus terminals along the way into the Deep South. African-American Freedom Riders tried to use “whites-only” restrooms and lunch counters, and vice versa.

ADD IN STUFF L8R

Carmichael used to be part of the SNCC but was asked to leave because he used to lash out at bystanders and be inflammatory. He started the Black Power movement using this speech as a call to arms to the younger generation.

Porfirio Díaz tried to lead Mexico to his idealized standard of Europe and the United States at the cost of the lower classes.

"¡Pobre Mexíco! Tan lejos de Dios y tan cerca de Los Estados Unidos" - Porfirio Díaz

Under the Porfiriato, the rich got richer and the poor got poorer.
"Mexico is not ready to govern itself yet"
- Díaz

The land was taken from indigenous mexicans who didn't have official deeds to their land.
By 1894, 1/5 acres of Mexican land was owned by a foreign interest. The rest of the land was given to wealthy supporters of the Porfiriato which was then turned into Haciendas where the lower class worked for low waged and had no right land.

Porfirio Diaz runs a free election, disillusioned into thinking that the people will elect him again. When Madero starts to win the election, he puts him in jail where Madero drafts the Plan de Luis Potosí

Madero was born in Coahuila to a wealthy landowning family. He would later run against Diaz for president and be thrown in jail as Diaz realized he had a chance of winning. He then escaped and wrote the Plan of San Luis Potosí. After Díaz’s resignation, Madero was elected President on October 15th 1911 and sworn into office on November 6th of the same year. He was later betrayed by Victoriano Huerta and forced to resign in 1913 and was later assassinated by firearm in Mexico City, February 21st, 1913.

Huerta, Felix Díaz, and Reyes plan a Coup against Madero which leads to the "Ten Tragic Days". Caused by Porfirio's oppressive system broke down to chaos under Madero's new management. Madero was killed but he died a martyr's death.

Born in Jalisco to Indian parents, Huerta was a sneaky snake in the grass, he would go with whoever was in power, he was originally in alliance with Diaz, he dropped his support for him when Diaz fled, he then served Madero and later betrayed him. He had a huge desire for power; the people were united under the hatred of him and called him “A drunkard, a liar, a thief, and a traitor.” Huerta died in El Paso.

Carranza was born in Coahuila to cattle ranchers; he was wealthy enough to go to school. Later on in life, he entered politics and was appointed as Senator under the Porfirio Regime. He ran for governor of Coahuila, Diaz opposed this and Carranza

President of Mexico, he was the first stable presidency since the start of the revolution. He made an education reform, study of the Indian culture, and started land distribution. He brought stability to Mexico under a new constitution.

Calles was Obregón’s successor; he was sort of like just his puppet just as Diaz’s puppet. After Obregón’s assassination, the cycle was broken and Calles was left to run Mexico on his own. He tried to carry out Obregón’s plans but failed. He oppressed the Catholics and caused the Cristeros War.

Yup.

Ye.

didn't have a real start date

Provide economic relief to WWII damaged countries, but it did so by using a capitalist system, thus making those countries capitalist. This offer was extended to USSR's portion of Germany but the USSR declined and built the Berlin Wall.

USSR was transporting missiles to Cuba and the U.S. was like yo man ur nukes are too close to me and so USSR's leader, Khrushchev, was like omg my bad dude don't nuke me bro and he withdrew them from Cuba without consulting Castro (leader of Cuba). This was the closest thing to nuclear war that happened.

easing of relations between US and USSR

limited Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) defense system= could allow one side to launch a first strike and then prevent the other from retaliating by shooting down incoming missiles.

Johnson therefore called for strategic arms limitations talks (SALT) which meant for the first time during the Cold War, USSR and US agreed to limit the number of nuclear missiles in their arsenals

Since SALT I did not prevent each side from enlarging their forces through the deployment of Multiple Independently Targeted Re-Entry Vehicles (MIRVs) onto their ICBMs and SLBMs, SALT II initially focused on limiting, and then ultimately reducing, the number of MIRVs. Negotiations also sought to prevent both sides from making qualitative breakthroughs that would again destabilize the strategic relationship.