Preceden

Spanish Timeline (1563 - 1588)

In relation to Edexcel A2 unit 3 Early Modern History, Tudor England 1536 - 1588, specifically the reign of Elizabeth I

King of Spain

Philip II

1563 - 1588

Events

Trade Embargo with England

1563 - 1565

In response to English intervention at Le Havre

Army of the Duke of Alva arrives in the Netherlands

1567

English saw this as alarming, Cecil was concerned about the possibility of an invasion

English merchants seized with their goods in the Netherlands

1568

English respond in kind with Spanish merchants in England

Gold Bullion Affair

1568

Elizabeth seized Spanish ships carrying gold to the Netherlands

John Hawkins, English Privateer, attacks shipping in the New World.

1568

Was attacked in return by the Spanish. He managed to return to England, Elizabeth was angered

Harassment of Spanish Shipping by the English

1570 - 1580

Privateers under orders of Elizabeth I
Affected Spanish communications with the Netherlands.
Not open war, Elizabeth wanted to put enough pressure on Philip II to end the revolt in the the Netherlands and restore the status quo

Papal Bull of Excommunication Against Elizabeth I

1570

Regnans in Excelsis
Call for all Catholics to assassinate Elizabeth I
Philip more than happy about this (had previously defended Elizabeth against excommunication)

Ridolfi Plot

1571

Plot to assassinate Elizabeth I of England and replace her with Catholic Mary Queen of Scots. Spanish ambassador involved. Detailed a Spanish invasion. Resulted in the expulsion of the Spanish Ambassador to England

Philip II took Portugal

1580

Unification of the Iberian Peninsula and the two world empires, Philip at the height of his power

Elizabeth backed the Duke of Anjou in the Netherlands

1581 - 1582

Pro-Dutch, Failure

Marquis of Santa Cruz proposes the Spanish Armada

1583

Invasion of England using the army in the Netherlands

Throckmorton Plot

1583

Depose Elizabeth I with Mary Queen of Scots. Spanish invasion. Fails. Spanish Ambassador expelled

Assassination of William of Orange

1584

Elizabeth I's advisers encouraged military action in the Netherlands

1584

Treaty of Joinville

1584

Treaty between Spain and the Catholic Guise Faction in France.

Elizabeth I send Drake to attack Spain's ports to free English ships

1585

Treaty of Nonsuch

1585

Elizabeth I of England become the Protector of the Dutch and sent 7000 troops to the Netherlands
SPAIN IN A STATE OF WAR WITH ENGLAND

Babington Plot

1586

Depose Elizabeth I for Mary Queen of Scots, Spanish invasion. Implicated Mary Queen of Scots in the plot

Spain begins to prepare for the Armada

1586

Execution of Mary Queen of Scots

1587

For her involvement in the Babington Plot. Philip angered

Singing of the King of Spain's Beard

1587

Drake's raid of the port of Cadiz where he destroyed thirty ships being used for the Armada and seasoned wood which is used to make the ships.
No other decent wood left to make more ships
Green Wooded needed to be used for barrels, resulting in food and water going bad and making many Spanish sailors ill

Spanish Armada

1588

Spanish Defeat
Depose Elizabeth I for Mary Queen of Scots, (after 1587 the Infanta)
Parma's army to be collected and invade the South
English Catholics to rise in support.
Needed a Deep Sea Water Port to Embark their troops. The Port of Flushing was occupied by Dutch rebels, so they moved to Gravelines.
Duke of Medina Sidonia appointed as commander, a General rather than an Admiral.
Sailed in a crescent formation.
Sighted in Cornwall at the Lizard and beacons were lit in warning.
Armada harassed all the way up the channel by the smaller more maneuverable English ships.
Armada take port in Gravelines. English sent fire ships into the port at night. The Spanish panic at cut their anchors.
The Spanish armada are blown north. They are shipwrecked in both Scotland and Ireland where they were assaulted.