History Timeline

An English historian and Member of Parliament. His most important work, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, was published in six volumes between 1776 and 1788

A French philosopher. He was a founder of the discipline of sociology and of the doctrine of positivism.

a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is primarily known for his operas

An English philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, sociologist, and prominent classical liberal political theorist of the Victorian era

A Danish-French Impressionist and Neo-Impressionist painter born on the island of St Thomas. His importance resides in his contributions to both Impressionism and Post-Impressionism

A French artist famous for his paintings, sculptures, prints, and drawings. He is especially identified with the subject of dance

A French artist and Post-Impressionist painter whose work laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th-century conception of artistic endeavour to a new and radically different world of art in the 20th century

A founder of French Impressionist painting

A French artist who was a leading painter in the development of the Impressionist style

A leading French Post-Impressionist artist who was not well appreciated until after his death

A post-Impressionist painter of Dutch origin whose work, notable for its rough beauty, emotional honesty and bold color, had a far-reaching influence on 20th-century art

A late-Romantic Austrian composer and one of the leading conductors of his generation

A French composer. Along with Maurice Ravel, he was one of the most prominent figures associated with Impressionist music, though he himself intensely disliked the term when applied to his compositions

An influential Russian painter and art theorist. He is credited with painting the first purely abstract works. Born in Moscow, Kandinsky spent his childhood in Odessa

A Dutch painter. He was an important contributor to the De Stijl art movement and group

An Austrian composer and painter, associated with the expressionist movement in German poetry and art, and leader of the Second Viennese School

Pupils:
- Alban Berg (1885-1935)
- Anton Webern (1883-1945)
- John Cage (1912-)

An American writer of novels, poetry and plays that eschewed the narrative, linear, and temporal conventions of 19th-century literature, and a fervent collector of Modernist art

A Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France

• Les Demoiselles d' Avignon (1907)

A German-French, or Alsatian, sculptor, painter, poet and abstract artist in other media such as torn and pasted paper

A French-American painter, sculptor, chess player, and writer whose work is associated with Dadaism and conceptual art, although not directly associated with Dada groups

• Nude Descending a Staircase (1912)

An essayist, publisher, playwright, literary and social critic and "one of the twentieth century's major poets."

A Hungarian polymath, who made important theoretical contributions to physical chemistry, economics, and philosophy

a British aerospace engineer who worked most of his career at the Bristol Aeroplane Company, before becoming managing director of the Filton Division when Bristol merged into British Aircraft Corporation in 1960

A British social anthropologist of whom it has been said:
"It is no exaggeration to say that in sheer versatility, originality, and range of writing he was and still is difficult to match among the anthropologists of the English speaking world"

An influential American painter and a major figure in the abstract expressionist movement. He was well known for his unique style of drip painting

An American composer, conductor, author, music lecturer, and pianist. He was among the first conductors born and educated in the United States of America to receive worldwide acclaim

An American jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1902 to 1932, and as Acting Chief Justice of the United States January–February 1930

A distinguished American legal scholar and educator. He was Dean of Harvard Law School from 1916 to 1936. The Journal of Legal Studies has identified Pound as one of the most cited legal scholars of the 20th century

Served the United States in all three branches of government and was the most prominent member of the Vinson political family

An American biologist, professor of entomology and zoology, and sexologist who in 1947 founded the Institute for Sex Research at Indiana University

A German philosopher and sociologist who was famous for his work in critical theory as a member of the 'Frankfurt School' of social research

A German American philosopher, sociologist, and political theorist, associated with the Frankfurt School of critical theory.

A German sociologist, philosopher and musicologist known for his critical theory of society

A British-born philosopher, writer, and speaker, best known as an interpreter and populariser of Eastern philosophy for a Western audience

A Russian novelist, historian, and critic of Soviet totalitarianism. He helped to raise global awareness of the gulag and the Soviet Union's forced labour camp system

An American sociologist, writer, editor, and professor emeritus at Harvard University, best known for his contributions to the study of post-industrialism

An American psychologist and writer, known for his advocacy of psychedelic drugs.

An American poet and one of the leading figures of both the Beat Generation of the 1950s and the counterculture that soon would follow

A German sociologist and philosopher in the tradition of critical theory and pragmatism. He is perhaps best known for his theories on communicative rationality and the public sphere

An American man of letters. Perhaps best known as a poet, he is also an essayist, lecturer, and environmental activist. He has been described as the "poet laureate of Deep Ecology"

An American musician, singer, and songwriter. Although his mainstream career spanned only four years, he is widely regarded as one of the most influential electric guitarists in the history of popular music, and one of the most celebrated musicians of the 20th century