Tudor Timeline 1536 - 1588

Henry VIII's second eldest living child. Daughter of Anne Boleyn, Henry's second wife. Later Queen Elizabeth I. Raised Protestant.

Henry VIII's eldest living,child. Daughter of Catherine of Aragon, his first wife. Deemed illegitimate due to the annulment of her parents' marriage, legitimised again due to birth of Edward (confirmed in 1546 with the Order of Succession). Later Queen Mary I. Devout Catholic.

Catholic Bishop of Winchester

Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury, author of the Bishops Book and the 1549 and 1552 Books of Common Prayer. Burned at the stake by Mary I for heresy.

Reformist, Henry VIII's 2nd Chief Minister. Titles included; The Earl of Essex, Lord Great Chamberlain, Vice-Gerent of the Spirituals. Arranged the marriage of Henry VIII to Anne of Cleaves. Fell out of favour with Henry, accused of treason and heresy by his enemies and executed in 1540

Thomas Howard, Catholic, member of the Conservative Faction

Catholic but not vocal with her views. Mother of Edward VI, died shortly after his birth

Leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace

Henry VIII's only living, legitimate son and his third child. Son of Jane Seymour, Henry's third wife. Heir the throne, later King Edward VI. Devout Protestant.

Fifth wife of Henry VIII. Catholic, niece of the Duke of Norfolk. Intended as a strong Catholic influence over the King. Executed for treason and adultery.

Sixth and final wife of Henry VIII. Reformist, able to speak openly with Henry on religious matters and responsible for the Protestant upbringing of Prince Edward and Princess Elizabeth

John Dudley, later Duke of Northumberland and Lord Protector

Protestant tutor to Elizabeth I

Leader of Kett's rebellion

Catholic Cardinal and Archbishop of Canterbury. Accused of heresy and recalled to Rome to face charges. Died the same day as Mary I

Protestant claimant to the Throne through her maternal grandmother. Ruled for just nine days before being deposed. Executed after Wyatt's Rebellion to remove her as a potential rally figure

Leader of the Revolt of the Northern Earls

King Consort of England. Visited the country only twice. Brought Mary into wars with France. Helped improve the English navy.

Leader of the Revolt of the Northern Earls

Leader of Wyatt's Rebellion

Elizabeth 1st favouritve a believed to have been her lover. Fell out of favour after the suspicious death of his wife Amy in 1560, yet still maintained a good position. Died in 1588

Agreed with Elizabeth's personal beliefs

Elizabeth's Spymaster

Leader of the Revolt of the Northern Earls

Spanish Ambassador to England

Catholic former Queen of Scotland. Claim to the Throne of England through her paternal grandmother

Puritan?

Spanish ambassador to England

Based on the North around Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. Catholic Rebels made mostly of commons but also involved gentry. Led by lawyer Robert Aske. Rose in opposition to the Reformation, mainly the Dissolution of the Monasteries. They were also in favour of removing Thomas Cromwell and other "evil councilors" as well as ensuring the rights of Princess Mary to be re-legitimised. Consised of 40,000 men, far larger than what Henry could prepare in time. Took Pontefract Castle, the Key to the North. Resolved with negotiations by the Duke of Norfolk where Henry agreed to talk with Robert Aske. The rebels dispersed. Another rebellion broke out later in the year. Robert Ask and other Pilgrim leaders were blamed and executed. Henry never complied with their demands.

Kett's: Based in East Anglia, concerned mostly with enclosure laws. Camped out in East Anglia. Commons' Revolt, rose when the Gentry were absent and refused any Gentry support. Negotiations failed but were crushed in Battle by the Earl of Warwick (future Duke of Northumberland)

Western: Rose in Cornwall and Devon in response to the new Prayer Book. Very outwardly Protestant but the main issue was that it was in English while the people of Cornwall spoke Cornish. Negotiations failed. Eventually came to Battle near Exeter where the rebellion was crushed.

Rose in response to Mary's marriage to Philip II. Threatened to depose Mary with Elizabeth. Battle happened, Norfolk retreated. Reached London but took stupid detour to take minor castle. Mary shut the gates. Thomas Wyatt was executed for his efforts

Revolt by Catholic Nobility in the North to depose Elizabeth I in favour of Mary Queen of Scots. Plan to Marry the Duke of Norfolk to Mary. Held a Catholic Mass at Durham Cathedral before marching south. They get as far as Bramham Moor (still in the North) before turning back, hoping to meet up with the Spanish at Knaresborough. The Spanish never arrive and the rebels flee further north, eventually seeking refuge in Scotland.

The King's writ is now uniform throughout the country
Only the King could appoint JPs and Judges
The right of Sanctuary is abolished
The Prince-Bishop of Durham lost authority

Welsh shires could now elect one MP to the House of Commons and Welsh boroughs could vote in a second

Mix of Protestant and Catholic doctrine. Sola Fide, purgatory discouraged. Vague on Transubstantiation and the Sacraments

Confirmed Transubstantiation and the Seven Sacraments along with other Catholic Doctrines

Cromwell accused of heresy by the Conservative Faction. Was imprisoned in the tower and later executed. His death marked the rise of the Conservative Faction. Cromwell would later become the only person Henry ever regretted executing.

Conservative Faction accused Cranmer of heresy. Henry gave Cranmer a ring as a sign of his trust in him to show in the case of attempted arrest. Cranmer maintained power

Conservatives accused Catherine Parr of heresy. Henry acquitted her after she pleaded for mercy. Henry dispelled the Earl of Southampton for his involvement.

Edward, Mary, Elizabeth (standard Primogeniture)

Edward Seymour defies Henry VIII's will for a regency council to rule in Edward VI's minority, and takes for himself the tile of Lord Protector as well as the Duke of Somerset

Son of the Duke of Norfolk. He was accused of treason because he proclaimed to be royal. His father was spared because Henry died before the sentence could be carried out

Somerset takes Edward VI to Windsor Castle: Suggestion of the King being held against his will. Somerset calls upon the House of Commons for support. He surrendered four days later

Set out the Doctrine of the Church of England, very Protestant, aurthorised by Cranmer

Replaced with Reginald Pole, a Catholic. Cranmer branded a heretic by Mary for his Protestant beliefs and imprisoned

For his involvement in the Lady Jane Grey plot

Marriage Contract:
Child of Mary and Philip would inherit England and the Netherlands
Philip and his heirs would not gain a claim on the English Throne if Mary were to die before Philip
Philip gained the title King of England but had no sovereign power
Philip was not allowed to point foreign advisors in England

Same day as Mary I's death

Modified to be more of a "middle way" between Catholicism and Protestantism

Calais would remain French for seven years, but would be returned if the English did not bother France

Mysterious death of the wife of Robert Dudley put an end to all hopes Elizabeth might have had of marrying him

Massacre of French Hugenots, English intervned. French took it for invasion and Protestants and Catholics united to repel them Resulted in the final loss of Calais

Based largely on the Forty-Two Articles. Intended as a statement of the position of the Church of England in relation to the Roman Catholic Church. Forms the basis of the Modern Church of England doctrine.

Elizabeth seized Spanish Gold from ships docked in England on their way to the Netherlands

Elizabeth excommunicated by the Pope

Treaty with France in defense against Spain

Centre of trade in northern Europe

Treaty with the Dutch Rebels
Elizabeth declared Protector of the Netherlands
She sent 7000 troops under the Earl of Leicester to the Netherlands where they remained for the rest of her reign.
STATE OF WAR WITH SPAIN

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Priests cannot marry

Thomas Cranmer

Jane Seymour, non-vocal

Lincolnshire Rising
The Pilgrimage of Grace
Sir Francis Bigod's Rebellion
Opposition to the Dissolution of the Monasteries

1. Baptism
2. Confirmation
3. Communion
4. Confession
5. Marriage
6. Last Rites
7. Holy Orders

Anne of Cleves: intended by Cromwell to unify Henry with Protestant states in the Holy Roman Empire

Catherine Howard

Catherine Parr, able to discuss religious matters freely with the King

Edward VI

The Western Rebellion: Opposition to the 1549 Prayer Book in English, demand for Latin Mass and Bible

1. Baptism
2. Marriage
3. Communion *Confession Disputed

Jane Grey

Failed

Cardinal Reginald Pole

Mary I

Philip II of Spain

Effected Puritans who spread their faith through preaching

Elizabeth I
Mostly Protestant
Some Catholic beliefs: clerical celibacy, decoration, vestments

with permission of 2 JPs - Elizabeth personally against it

Matthew Parker, Edmund Gridel and John Whitgift

Revolt of the Northern Earls threatened to depose Elizabeth in favour of Mary, Queen of Scots

King of Spain, Netherlands, Naples etc. King Consort of England from 1554 - 1556 as husband to Mary I. Proposed to Elizabeth I but was refused. Implicated in plots to remove and kill Elizabeth. Launched attempted invasion of England with the Spanish Armada in 1588 which failed.

1st husband of Mary Queen of Scots

Anti-Hapsburg, made the recovery of Cardinal Pole by Mary I difficult due to her marriage to Philip II who was a Hapsburg

AKA Mary Queen of Scots

Later James I of England