Preceden

European Cultural Geography

Mediterranean Europe

Economy:

Classical Civilizations - 2 civilizations?

2000 BC - 476 AD

What 2 advantages does the Mediterranean have that led it to become the place where European civilization was born?
1.

2.

Classical Greece

2000 BC - 336 BC

  • Political organization: because of the mountains, Greece developed into independent _________________ _____________ (city and the surrounding area).

  • Important type of government in Athens: _____________ __________.

  • Athens vs. Sparta?

  • Eventually all the Greek City-states were conquered by ________________________________.

Roman Republic

275 BC - 33 BC

What is a republic?

Roman Empire

33 BC - 476 AD

  • _________________ ________________ is the guy who changed Rome from a Republic to an Empire.
  • Difference between a republic and an empire: Republic has _________ _____________ making decisions, Empire has one guy, the ________________ making all decisions.
  • Important religion that developed in the Roman Empire: _________________________

  • The Roman empire was known for their architectural achievements, like the __________________ which managed to move water around very long distances.

  • 476 - What ultimately happened to the Roman Empire?

Byzantine Empire

476 AD - 1453 AD

Where was the Byzantine Empire?

Muslim Control of Spain

700 - 1450

Muslims conquered the _____________________ Peninsula and controlled much of it.

European Crusades

1096 - 1250

Europeans trying to capture ________________________. This was really good for Italy because if you needed to go to the Middle East, you have to go through the Mediterranean.

Italian Renaissance

1300 - 1527

This was a time of increased _____________________ and _______________________ in Italy.

Bubonic Plague

1347

European population decreased by _________________.

Spanish King Fredinand and Queen Isabella kick out Muslims

1492

Spanish ____________________ (religion) rulers Ferdinand and Isabella kicked the Muslims out of Spain and funded the age of exploration to the New World.

Basque Separatists

1970 - 1980

The Basque separatists are a group of people living in the ___________________ Mountains and demanding _________________________

Western Europe

What countries make up Western Europe?

Middle Ages

476 AD - 1450 AD

What are Romance languages? Why are so many of them spoken in Western Europe?

Most of Western Europe devolved into _______________________ after the fall of Rome.

Major government system: _____________________ - where most of the political power rested with _______________, who gave some land to ________________ in exchange for military service.

_________________ was very important

Western European Renaissance

1450 - 1600

Most important part of the Western Renaissance: First European ____________________ ________________, invented by Johann _________________________.

Protestant Reformation

1517 - 1563

Definition: Time when many Christians broke away from the _________________ ______________ and formed their own _________________ __________________.

  • Protestant Reformation was started by _______________ ______________.

Age of Absolutism

1600 - 1750

Definition: When ________________________ had complete control over the people. Highly centralized government.

Examples of absolute monarchs:
1.

2.

Age of Nationalism

1750 - 1900

Nationalism: Belief that you should be loyal to people who share your same ____________________________.
* If you are being ruled by someone who shares your background and heritage, Nationalism means you will be ______________________.
* If you are being ruled by someone different from you, nationalism means you want to __________________________________.

French Revolution

1789 - 1815

France wanted to throw off their absolute monarchs and establish a _____________________. Wound up with an emperor _____________________, and then eventually went back to a monarchy.

World War I

1914 - 1918

War between the Allies and the Central Powers. Reason why it was a world war: _____________________________________.
Allied Countries:

Central Countries:

World War II

1938 - 1945

War against ____________________________.

Allied Powers:

Main Axis Powers:

Characterized by the ___________________________ (German dictator Adolf Hitler's system of mass destruction of the _______________).

Cold War

1945 - 1989

War of _________________________ vs. ______________________.

Ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Northern Europe

What countries make up Northern Europe?

Middle Ages

476 - 1450

Characterized by extreme control from the _________________ _________________.

Viking invasions

785 - 1000

Norse warriors traveled on _____________________ and terrorized coastal cities of Europe. Hit Britain, Iceland, Greenland and even _________________.

Norman Invasion

1066

________________________________ of Normandy (France) invaded England, forever mixing the 2 areas.

Magna Carta

1215

Put limits on the _________________.

  • Gradual move toward the increased power of ______________________ over the king.

Northern European Renaissance

1450 - 1600

Industrial Revolution

1750 - 1900

Started in __________________________ in the _________________ industry. Spread quickly to the rest of Europe.

Irish Question

1921

The Irish wanted their ______________________________, so Britain divided them and allowed the _____________________ part to be indpendent and the northern part to stay with Britain.

Cold war

1945 - 1989

During this time, most countries gave up their _____________________________ because they were too expensive to keep.