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Ancient Egypt Timeline
(3100 BCE - 1069 BCE)Prehistoric Egypt
Development of Nile Valley Cultures
5500 BC
Small tribes living in the Nile valley had developed into distinct cultures by 5500 BC, demonstrating control of agriculture and animal husbandry, as evidenced by their pottery, personal items, and trade practices.
Image source: Prehistoric Egypt
Trade with Levant and Mesopotamia
3600 BC
Mutual trade with the Levant was established during Naqada II, around 3600 BC, marking the beginning of trade with Mesopotamia and laying the foundation for long-term economic interactions.
Image source: Gerzeh culture
Emergence of Ancient Egyptian Civilization
3100 BC
Ancient Egyptian civilization coalesced around 3100 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under Menes, marking the beginning of dynastic rule and the establishment of a centralized state.
Image source: Ancient Egypt
Early Dynastic Period
Establishment of Dynastic Kings
3000 BC
In the Early Dynastic Period, dynastic kings solidified control over lower Egypt by establishing a capital at Memphis, enabling them to control agriculture, trade routes, and the labor force.
Image source: Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)
First Intermediate Period
Beginning of First Intermediate Period
2200 BC
Severe droughts between 2200 and 2150 BC, coupled with economic erosion, led to the 140-year period of famine and strife known as the First Intermediate Period.
Image source: First Intermediate Period of Egypt
Middle Kingdom
Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt
2055 BC
The northern Theban forces under Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II defeated the Herakleopolitan rulers around 2055 BC, reuniting the Two Lands and establishing the Middle Kingdom.
Image source: Mentuhotep II
Hyksos Rule and Theban Resistance
1785 BC - 1555 BC
The Hyksos, a Western Asian people, seized control of Egypt around 1785 BC, leading to a prolonged conflict with Thebes that lasted more than 30 years until 1555 BC.
Image source: Hyksos
New Kingdom
Egyptian Empire under Tuthmosis III
1425 BC
When Tuthmosis III died in 1425 BC, Egypt had an empire extending from Niya in northwest Syria to the Fourth Cataract of the Nile in Nubia, solidifying loyalties and opening access to critical imports.
Image source: Thutmose III
Reforms of Amenhotep IV
1350 BC
Around 1350 BC, Amenhotep IV ascended the throne and instituted radical reforms, threatening the stability of the New Kingdom and causing societal upheaval.
Image source: Akhenaten
Rule of Ramesses II
1279 BC
Ramesses II ascended the throne in 1279 BC and led Egypt to a period of great architectural and military achievements, including the Battle of Kadesh and the signing of the first recorded peace treaty around 1258 BC.
Image source: Ramesses II
Key Facts
- The construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza took place during the reign of Pharaoh Khufu in the 26th century BCE.
- The Old Kingdom, known for its monumental pyramid construction, lasted from 2686 to 2181 BCE.
- The New Kingdom, a period of great Egyptian power and prosperity, began in 1550 BCE.
- Pharaoh Akhenaten initiated a religious revolution by promoting the worship of the sun disk Aten during the 18th dynasty.
- The decline of Ancient Egypt started with the invasion of the Sea Peoples and ultimately led to the conquest by the Persians in 525 BCE.
Source
This Ancient Egypt timeline was generated with the help of AI using information found on the internet.
We strive to make these timelines as accurate as possible, but occasionally inaccurates slip in. If you notice anything amiss, let us know at [email protected] and we'll correct it for future visitors.
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