DWC Final Exam Timeline

Perpective use in The Last Supper (1495-1498) and used fresco, Mona Lisa(1503-1506) commissioned by husband, change from religion to secular, Italian

artist during Renaissance, self-portraits, 1500 painted himself to look like Jesus, God hand (2 fingers showing), popularity of artists becoming celebrities Adam and Eve 1504

Sistine Chapel Creation of Adam(1508-1512) is a self portrait , hand touching god symbolizes the artists' creative hand, David (1504) displayed in Florence square, symbol of power over Medici family, moved to square as symbol of no tyranny

German artist during Renaissance, lots of portraits, The Ambassadors has conflicting ideas about religion, Catholicism (crucifix) and Lutheranism (hymn book), religious works to portraits with incorporation

Renaissance Artist, The Sistine Madonna alterpiece Mary bringing Jesus down to world and cherubs act as a bridge between heaven and earth, Entombment of Christ (1507) altarpiece commissioned by wealthy woman in memory of he son that she acted harshly to during his death. Demonstrates you of altarpieces for own gain and women commissioning art after husbands are decreased

Spanish Author that supported catholicism, attempted to show truths of Catholic Faith using reason not just divine authority

Dutch, wrote play about Pope Julius II, religious tolerance, rejected Luther's emphasis of faith alone, didn't believe in predestination, believed in free will, reformer but didn't want to break catholic church

heliocentric model, sun is center of the universe, start of Enlightenment and scientific Revolution

leader of Reformation in Switzerland, literal interpretation of Old and New Testaments, body and blood in Eucharist are symbolic

German theologian, anti-luthern writing, supported Anabaptists (leader), defeated at the end of the German Peasant's War

writer in Florence during the Renaissance, The Prince to Medici to describe how to rule, political science, do anything to get power and keep it, "Better to be feared than loved"

goal was reform, primacy of God, sinfulness in humanity, importance of scripture, grace and predestination, new form of church government and liturgy, led to Calvinism

Renaissance humanist, Spanish, math, science, medicine, eventually developed nontrinitarian Christiology, was part of Protestant Reformation, condemned by Catholics and Protestants tired as a heretic and burned at the stake

Italian, agrees with Copernicus' ideas but treats them as theory to avoid Inquisition but put under house arrest because bible believes in geocentric universe while Copernicus believes in heliocentric, father of modern astronomy, physics, modern science

beginning of Scientific Revolution, out of Middles Ages, natural philosophy (modern science), goes against church by looking at world without a religious influence, can't do science because it is based on philosophy but foundation is not firm because it isn't certain, move away from religion to science

pre-enlightenment, forerunner of British Englightenment, philosopher, Christianity in its barest form (without conflict about practice) contains morals and ethics , "Two Treatises on Government" opposed absolute monarchy

Scientific Revolution and enlightenment, gravity, calculus, theory of light, laws of motion, influenced by Descartes, heliocentric, sun centered

Anthony Ashley Cooper, English politician, philosopher, and writer "father of Scottish Enlightenment", believes in ethics and that men are both important to themselves and society

his version of Anglicanism gave rise to the Methodist Church, followed the Arminian doctrine, encourage people to experience Jesus personally

"Take nobody's word for it" Royal Academy of Science motto, President in 1709 was Isaac Newton until his death

Scottish Philosopher, focused on Skepticism, Human experience is needed for truth (empiricism) therefore god cannot exist, he did not say this because he would be punished by death

follows in John Locke's footsteps, Wealth of Nation (1776), Scottish moral philosopher, "father of modern economics", collaborated with David Hume

English history, member of parliament, criticizes organized religion in The History of the Decline and Fall of Roman Empire

ended Reconquista, brought Spain to stability, low crime rate reduced debt, funded Columbus' trip to the new world in 1492

archbishop during Henry VIII, Edward VI, and Mary I, leader of english reformation, supported divorce of Henry VIII and Catherine of Argon believed king has rule over church, Book of Common Prayers, killed under Mary's rule for treason and heresy when she reinstated Catholicism in England

Queen of France, sister of King Henry VIII of England, mother of Lady Jane Grey (queen of england for a short time after Edward VI)

married to King Henry VIII of England, had daughter (Elizabeth I), supported Lutheran ideas, allowed for annulment from Catherine of Argon (start of english reformation, split between church of england and roman catholic church), beheaded for adultery, but Henry VIII just wanted to remarry to have son

married to Henry VIII after Anne Boleyn, dies while giving birth to Edward VI

son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, heir after Henry VIII's death, Protestantism was established for the first time in England, named cousin Lady Jane Grey as successor to avoid Catholicism with half sisters but Mary I took control and reversed Protestant reform

Bloody Mary, step-brother Edward VI

queen of England, daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, came to power after bloody Mary(half sister), moderate Protestant, reduce religious passion, opposed Puritans, defeated Spanish Armada, imprisoned for a year under suspicions of supporting Protestant rebels, catholic heretic, and prosecuting christians

Spanish ship fleet to overthrow Elizabeth I and stop English involvement in Spain and Netherlands, unsuccessful, defeated by Queen Elizabeth I

military and political leader, overthrew monarchy, supported Parliament (roundheads), against King James I and King Charles I New Model Army, Puritan --break between Charles I and Charles II

English Monarchy, anti-catholic, anti-puritan, divine right of kinda, Episcopal church model, King James Bible, after Queen Elizabeth I

followed in Father's footsteps (James I), absolute tendencies that bothered Parliament, tax policies alienated merchants and nobles, led to English Civil War and his execution

the Restoration Period, after English Civil War, after Cromwell's death, restored monarchy and parliament, clashed with parliament over reign, look control back from Commonwealth of England