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Why had international peace collapsed by 1939?
Why had international peace collapsed by 1939?
1933 - 1939
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Hitler began increasing Germany's military by huge percents
Increases:
+Warships+- 1932: 30 ships
1939: 95 ships
+Aircraft+- 1932: 36 planes
1939: 8,250 planes
+Soldiers+- 1932: 100,000 people
1939: 950,000 people
1935
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The League of Nations held the promised plebiscite for people to vote on whether their region should return to German rule.
90% of the population voted to return to German rule
Big morale booster for Hitler
14 April 1935
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The Stresa Pact was signed by France, Britain, and Italy.
Protesting the rearmament in Germany
And commitment to stand united against Germany
1936 - 1939
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Between Nationalists (Fascists) and Republicans (Communists and Socialists)
The League of Nations looked on helplessly
1936 - 1937
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Germany and Japan signed it in 1936
Italy signed in 1937
The aim of the pact was to limit Communist influence around the world: Aimed at the USSR
now called the Axis alliance
March 1936
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Germany re-militarized the Rhineland region.
France refused to act without British support and so Hitler's gamble paid off.
1938
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-German speaking section of Czechoslovakia
Hitler wanted to take over the Sudetenland
However the USSR, Britain, and France promised Czechoslovakia support if it came to war.
The Munich Agreement: the League of Nations decided to give Hitler what he wanted.
They didn't consult the Czechs nor did they consult the USSR.
March 1938
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The annexation of Austria into Germany
Schuschnigg held a plebiscite asking the Austrian people if they supported the union
99.75% voted for Anschluss while under the watch of Nazis
15 March 1939
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They did not trust Hitler after the Munich Agreement
In 1939, Germany troops took over the rest of the country
May 1939
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Between Italy and Germany
August 1939
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Between Russia (Ribbentrop) and Germany (Molotov)
Terms:
- agreed not to attack one another
- agreed to divide Poland between them
- Germany was to invade from the West
- USSR was to invade from the East
1 September 1939
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German soldiers invaded Poland from the west and the Soviets invaded from the east.
On September 3rd Britain and France declared war on Germany
Appeasement:
Pros- Britain and other Allied countries were not ready for war
Cons- It encouraged Hitler to continue invading Germany's land lost by the Treaty of Versailles
3 September 1939 - 2 September 1945
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1933 - April 1945
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1934 - 1945
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Aims:
- Wanted to abolish the Treaty of Versailles
- Expand German territory
- Defeat Communism
1937 - 1940
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