New Testament History
Israel
Babylonian Captivity
587 B.C.E. - 538 B.C.E.Solomon's Temple is destroyed by Babylonians
587 B.C.E.Persian Rule
539 B.C.E. - 332 B.C.E.Jews return from Babylon and rebuild Temple
520 B.C.E. - 515 B.C.E.Temple in Jerusalem is rededicated
515 B.C.E.Antiochus IV Epiphanes forbids Torah observance
168 B.C.E. - 164 B.C.E.Antiochus erects an altar to Zeus in the Jerusalem Temple.
Maccabean Revolt
168 B.C.E. - 164 B.C.E.Jerusalem Temple Recaptured by Maccabeans
164 B.C.E.Jewish War for Freedom
164 B.C.E. - 142 B.C.E.Hasmonean Dynasty
142 B.C.E. - 63 B.C.E.Flourishing of Essene Sect of Judaism
140 B.C.E. - 68 C.E.General Pompey annexes Palestine and installs John Hyrcanus II as "Ethnarch"
63 B.C.E.John Hyrcanus II enlists Rome's aid in his fight for the throne
63 B.C.E.Effectively ends national autonomy.
Reign of John Hyrcanus II as "Ethnarch"
63 B.C.E. - 40 B.C.E.Subject to Rome
Herod as Governor of Galilee
47 B.C.E. - 40 B.C.E.Also known as Herod the Great, son of Antipater. The Herods forged strong links in Rome.
Reign of Herod the Great as King of Judea
40 B.C.E. - 4 B.C.E.Roman Senate appoints Herod King of Judea
40 B.C.E.Herod has to recapture his own kingdom in order to rule.
Herod Captures Jerusalem
37 B.C.E.Construction of Herod's Temple in Jerusalem begins
20 B.C.E.Reign of Herod Antipas in Galilee and Perea
4 B.C.E. - 39 C.E.Reign of Herod Archelaus in Judea, Samaria, and Idumea
4 B.C.E. - 6 C.E.Reign of Herod Phillip north and east of Galilee
4 B.C.E. - 34 C.E.Herod Archelaus removed from throne for incompetence
6 C.E.Rome decided to rule the area directly through prefects/procurators.
Pontius Pilate governs Judea as prefect of Rome
26 C.E. - 36 C.E.Emperor Claudius appoints Herod Agrippa I King of Judea
41 C.E.Reign of Herod Agrippa I as King of Judea and Samaria
41 C.E. - 44 C.E.Construction of Herod's Temple in Jerusalem Complete
62 C.E.Jewish War (against Rome)
66 C.E. - 73 C.E.Romans Destroy the Temple
70 C.E.Council of Jamnia
90 C.E.Second Jewish Revolt (Bar Kochba Rebellion)
132 C.E. - 135 C.E.Jews forbidden to enter Jerusalem
135 C.ESecond Roman Destruction of Jerusalem and Temple
135 C.E.Greece and Rome
Reign of Alexander the Great
336 B.C.E. - 323 B.C.E.Ptolemaic Dynasty
323 B.C.E. - 197 B.C.E.Successors of Alexander the Great. Included control of Palestine. Many Jews accepted a Hellenistic lifestyle during this dynasty.
Seleucid Dynasty seizes Ptolemaic power over Palestine
200 B.C.E. - 197 B.C.E.Seleucid Dynasty
197 B.C.E. - 142 B.C.E.Reign of Augustus Caesar
30 B.C.E. - 14 C.E.Reign of Tiberius Caesar
14 C.E. - 37 C.E.Reign of Caligula
37 C.E. - 41 C.E.Reign of Claudius
41 C.E. - 54 C.E.Claudius expels all Jews from Rome
49 C.E.Reign of Nero
54 C.E. - 68 C.E.Nero blames Christians for the Great Fire of Rome
64 C.E.Christians are persecuted even worse as a result.
Year of the Four Emperors
68 C.E. - 69 C.E.Galba, Otho, Vitellius began and ended their reigns with remarkably quick succession. Vespasian was the fourth emperor of that year, and he lasted.
Reign of Vespasian
69 C.E. - 79 C.E.Reign of Titus
79 C.E. - 81 C.E.Reign of Domitian
81 C.E. - 96 C.E.Reign of Nerva
96 C.E. - 98 C.E.Reign of Trajan
98 C.E. - 117 C.E.Reign of Hadrian
117 C.E. - 138 C.E.Reign of Antoninus Pius
138 C.E. - 161 C.E.Reign of Marcus Aurelius
161 C.E. - 180 C.E.Reign of Commodus
180 C.E. - 192 C.E.Reign of Diocletian
284 C.E. - 305 C.E.Reign of Constantine
306 C.E. - 337 C.E.Edict of Milan
313 C.E.An edict of toleration issued by Constantine.
Biblical/Christian Events
Birth of Jesus
6 B.C.E. - 4 B.C.E.Ministry and Death of Historical Jesus
30 C.E. - 33 C.E.Paul's Damascus Road Experience
32 C.E. - 34 C.E.The turning point in Saul of Tarsus' life when he met the Risen Jesus.
Paul's First Post-Conversion Visit to Jerusalem
35 C.E.Jerusalem Conference
49 C.E.Church leaders met to debate whether Gentiles should have to observe Torah regulations.
Paul's Corinthian Mission
51 C.E. - 53 C.E.Martyrdom of James, the Lord's Brother
62 C.E.Martyrdom of Peter and Paul
64 C.E. - 65 C.E.According to tradition
Christians expelled from Jewish synagogues
90 C.E.Marcion excommunicated for heresy
140 C.E.Muratorian Canon
200 C.E.Great Persecution by Diocletian
303 C.E. - 305 C.E.Christianity becomes a state religion of Rome
312 C.E. - 313 C.E.Athanasius of Alexandria publishes a Christian canon of the Bible
367 C.E.Books of the Bible
Book of Daniel
165 B.C.E.I & II Thessalonians
50 C.E.II Thessalonians is very disputed.
I & II Corinthians
54 C.E. - 55 C.E.Galatians
56 C.E.Romans
56 C.E. - 57 C.E.Colossians
61 C.E.Very disputed authorship and dating.