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1340 - 1763
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1368 - 1644
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A major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia.
1405 - 1433
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A Chinese Muslim admiral. He had remarkable expeditions because of their size. His travels ranged from South East Asia to eastern Africa. Everywhere he went, he distributed gifts like silver and silk to show Chinese Superiority.
1428 - 1521
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1438 - 1533
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1439
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The printing press revolutionized Renaissance time, resulting in more books and increased the spread of knowledge among the people.
1451 - 1481
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The 7th sultan ruler of the Ottoman Empire, captured Constantinople (Istanbul) (The Byzantine Empire)
1453
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1464 - 1492
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the leader of the Songhai, who in 1468, stormed into Timbuktu and drove out the Berbers beginning a campaign of conquest of the Sahara; by the time of his death in 1492 he had built the largest empire in west Africa
1464 - 1591
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1488
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1492
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biological and ecological exchange that occurred following European arrival in the New World; peoples of Europe and Africa came to the Americas; animals, plants, and diseases moved between Old and New Worlds.
1492
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1492
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Institution organized by Fernando and Isabel of Spain to hunt out heretical or contrary opinions; subjects of persecution included Protestants, Jews, Muslims, and witches.
1492
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06/07/1494
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an agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.
1497 - 1542
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1498
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A Portuguese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean
1501 - 1514
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Founder of Safavid Empire and made Twelver Shiism the official religion of the empire and imposed it upon his Sunni subjects; his followers were known as qizilbash.
1502
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1513
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Spanish explorer who became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean in 1510 while exploring Panama
1514
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Safavids are defeated by the Ottomans
1517
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Arguments written by Martin Luther against the Catholic church. Written in response to a new campaign to sell indulgences
1517 - 1648
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a religious movement that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.
1519 - 1522
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Portuguese explorer who found a sea route to the Spice Island by sailing around the American continent. His crew was the first to circumnavigate the world.
1520
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The Aztec emperor was killed during the initial stages of the Spanish conquest of Mexico
1520 - 1566
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Expanded from Syria and Egypt to southwest Asia and Central Europe; built powerful enough navy to attack European fleets
1521
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1526 - 1707
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One of the most successful empires of India; a state founded by Muslim Turks who invaded India in 1526; their rule was noted for efforts to create a partnership between Hindus and Muslims
1533
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Pizarro defeats the Inca and the last Inca emperor, Atahualpa, is executed.
1534
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First permanent French settlement in the Americas
1536
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Calvin's formulation of Christian doctrine, which became a systematic theology for Protestantism
1543
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"On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres," written by Copernicus, published just before his death. Dedicated to the Pope so it wouldn't offend the church. Also very scientific so priests couldn't understand it well enough to be angry over it.
1545 - 1563
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Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline.
1556 - 1605
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The most famous Muslim ruler of India during the period of Mughal rule. Famous for his religious tolerance, his investment in rich cultural feats, and the creation of a centralized governmental administration.
1571
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a naval battle fought between a Spanish and Venetian fleet and the German navy. The Spanish won. The battle meant that European navies had surpassed the Muslims. The Turks could no longer challenge Europeans on international routes.
1582
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Sets sail for the Canary Islands.
leader of the Jesuits who sought to revert protestants, stop the spread of Protestantism, and diffuse Catholicism throughout the world.
1588
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Defeated by the British.
1600
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Defeating all his enemies, in 1600, Tokugawa Ieyasu achieved true unification of Japan with his victory at this Battle.
1607
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Beginning of English colonization of the Americas.
1609
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1564-1642, Italian physicist and astronomer.
1618 - 1648
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A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a battle between France and their rivals: the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire. Wars ended in 1648 after great destruction with Treaty of Westphalia.
1641
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Japanese study of all things Dutch. It eventually aided in helping Japan open up. It was especially concerned with medicine and science;
1643 - 1715
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"L'etat c'est moi". ( I am the State). Puts tons of money into his Versailles Palace.
1644 - 1912
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Manchurian dynasty that seized control of China after the decline of the Ming; forced submission of nomadic peoples far to the west and compelled tribute from Vietnam and Burma to the south
1650 - 1700
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A broad intellectual movement in 18th‐century Europe that advocated the use of reason in the re‐evaluation of accepted ideas.
1651
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the book describes his theory that an absolute government was the only means of balancing human interests and desires with their rights of life and property.
1662 - 1722
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Leader of the Qing Dynasty,
he reduced government expenses and lowered taxes.
He gained the support of intellectuals by offering government positions and enjoyed the company of Jesuits at court.
1683
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1689
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In this bloodless revolution, the English Parliament and William and Mary agreed to overthrow James II for the sake of Protestantism. This resulted in a constitutional monarchy and the drafting of the English Bill of Rights.
1721 - 1917
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1735 - 1796
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thegrandson of Kangxi. The empire reached height under him; largest empire
1754 - 1763
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Worldwide struggle between France and Great Britain for power and control of land.
1762 - 1796
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Empress who continued Peter's goal to Westernizing Russia, created a new law code, and greatly expanded Russian territory.
1773
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Writer who fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief, and freedom of speech.