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1889
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In 1889, the Johns Hopkins Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology was founded by Howard Kelly. Kelly was appointed the first professor of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and established the field as a surgical specialty.
Source: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/gynecology_obstetrics/about_us/index.html
Image: www.hopkinsmedicine.org/gynecology_obstetrics/about_us/index.html
1916
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In 1916, Margaret Sanger opened the first birth control clinic in Brownsville, Brooklyn. The attention and support Sanger gained led to the courts ruling in favor of physicians prescribing contraceptives for medical reasons.
Source: https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/margaret-sanger
Image: sangerpapers.files.wordpress.com/2015/10/brownsville-interior.jpg
1923
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In 1923, Margaret Sanger opened the Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau in Manhattan. This clinic would eventually become the Planned Parenthood Federation of America in 1942.
Bonus: New York University article on a clinic established by Sanger in Harlem with an all African-American advisory council.
http://www.nyu.edu/pages/projects/sanger/articles/harlem.php
Source: https://www.plannedparenthood.org/about-us/who-we-are/our-history
Image: sangerpapers.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/image01.jpg?w=226&h=300
1965
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In 1965, the Supreme Court ruled that the state’s ban on the use of contraceptives violated the right to martial privacy. Justice William O. Douglas contended that the Bill of Rights creates a general “right to privacy” that cannot be “unduly infringed.”
Source: https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_griswold.html
Image: s.hdnux.com/photos/01/02/74/25/17548610/7/920x920.jpg
1973
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In 1973, the Boston Women’s Health Book Collective, Our Bodies, Ourselves was published. This 193-page booklet addressed sexuality and reproductive health, including abortion. Many women’s self-help health groups arose with the common goal of reclaiming control of their own health.
Bonus: Subsequent publications of Our Bodies, Ourselves available for purchase.
https://www.ourbodiesourselves.org/publications/
Source: https://www.ourbodiesourselves.org
Image: static01.nyt.com/images/2018/04/12/fashion/12OURBODIES-1/12OURBODIES-1-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale
1973
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In 1973, the Supreme Court ruled that a state law that banned abortions except to save the life of the mother unconstitutional. It was ruled that, “Because abortions lie within a pregnant woman's "zone of privacy," the abortion decision "and its effectuation" are fundamental rights that are protected by the Constitution from regulation by the states…”.
Source: https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_roe.html
Image: www.verywellhealth.com/thmb/FXUle-muRAYVjXSpOk8S2uYIhpw=/768x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/roe_wade-56a1c43b5f9b58b7d0c267d6.jpg
1999
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In 1999, the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approved Plan B as the only available prescription emergency contraceptive in the United States. In 2013, the FDA announced the legal sale of Plan B to all women of child-bearing potential without a prescription.
Source: https://www.verywellhealth.com/the-history-of-emergency-contraception-906714
Image: cbc.ca/1.1565217.1379049674!/httpImage/image.jpggen/derivatives/16x9780/620-plan-b-li.jpg
2018
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In 2018, Beyoncé and Serena Williams brought attention to women’s maternal health when describing their life-threatening experiences while pregnant. This brought focus to the racial disparities, such as access and poor quality of care, that put African-American at higher risk for maternal mortality.
Bonus: Center for Disease Control and Prevention article on racial and ethnic disparities in pregnancy related deaths.
https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2019/p0905-racial-ethnic-disparities-pregnancy-deaths.html
Source: https://www.heart.org/en/news/2019/02/20/why-are-black-women-at-such-high-risk-of-dying-from-pregnancy-complications
Image: akns-images.eonline.com/eolimages/EntireSite/2018716/rs_1024x705-180816145045-1024-beyonce-serena-motherhood.jpg?fit=inside|900:auto&output-quality=90