9389 AS-Level History Timeline (Germany & Italy)
Germany
Frederick William III
Approx. 1814 - 7 June 1840Congress of Vienna
November 1814German Confederation
1815 - 1866Zollverein formed
August 23, 1833Frederick William IV
8 June 1840 - 2 Jan 1861toppling of french monarchy
January 1, 1848Revolution begins in Austria and Germany
March 1848Prussia economic growth
1850 - 1860rail network 46% increase
Erfurt Union of German states formed
January 1, 1850Olmutz
January 1, 1850Humiliation of Olmutz: prussia abandons Erfurt Union plan
Wilhelm I becomes king of Prussia
january 1861William I
3 Jan 1861 - Approx. 1879franco prussian trade treaty
1862helped prussia's development by further integrating it into the economy of western Europe
Bismarck minister president
January 1, 1863 - April 11, 1873Second Schleswig War
1 February 1864 - 30 October 1864Collapse of Frankfurt Parliament
January 1, 1866Austro-Prussian war
June 1866 - August 23, 1866Königgrätz
3 July 1866Treaty of Prague
23 August 1866Spanish succesion crisis
July 1870Bismarck manipulated telegram to make it appear as if the French had disrespected Prince Leopold and German sovereignty
Franco-Prussian war
19 July 1870 - 28 January 1871German Empire
Jan 19, 1871 - Approx. 1879In Versailles William I was proclaimed the emperor of the Second German Empire
Bismarck is appointed Imperial Chancellor
North German Confederation
1867 - January 18 1871Prussia held executive power in this confederation in contrast to the German confederation
Italy
Cavour
1810 - 1861Prime minister of Piedmont, was a monarchist however preffered to limit the power of the king through parliament. Hence a constitutional Monarchist.
Mazzini exiled
1831Young Italy
1831Mazzini promoting a unified Italy through discord unrest and violence.
Revolutions
1848 - 1849Unorganized liberal/nationalist uprisings across Italy in Sicily and Naples etc. In the North they were Nationalist as they disliked the Austrians and in the South Liberal
1st war of Italian Independence
23 march 1848 - 24 march 1849War between Piedmont-Sardinia and Austria over Austrian control in Lombardy. Austria was militarily stronger and won over Piedmont at Novara
Crimean War
5 October 1853 - 30 March 1856France, Britain and Piedmont VS Russia
Cavour (Piedmont) see this as an opportunity to gain powerful allies
Orisini attempts to assassinate Napoleon 3
14 January 1858he fails at assenting Napoleon 3 but while he is in prison awaiting execution he write passionate letters to Napoleon 3 begging for him to support the Italian unification cause. Napoleon sympathised with the Italian struggle
Plombières Agreement
21 July 1858Agreement between France and Piedmont that France would help Piedmont if they were ever attacked by Austria
Things agreed at Plombières:
France would help Piedmont if they were ever attacked by Austria
France would get Nice and Savoy
the Pope would be left alone
2nd War of Italian Independence
April 1859 - July 1859France and Piedmont VS Austria
over Austrian control in Lombardy
France helped Piedmont as agreed under the Plombières treaty
French sign a peace treaty with Austria and Piedmont gets Lombardy but not al the land agreed under Plomières treaty
Cavour resignation
July 1859 - January 21, 1860he resigned after he got upset that the French didn't completely uphold their end of the Plombières treaty as Piedmont didn't gain all of the territory wanter after the 2nd war of independence
Annexation of the central states
1860the small central states held plebiscites where the results were in favour of joining a unified northern Italy
Kingdom of Italy declared
1861Not including Venice and Rome as they are to annexed later
Italy annexed Venice
Approx. 1866Italy annexed rome
Approx. 02/10/1870Italy now completely unified