Pre-industrial society refers to social attributes and forms of political and cultural organization that were prevalent before the advent of the Industrial Revolution, which occurred from 1750 to 1850. Pre-industrial is a time before there were machines and tools to help perform tasks en masse. Pre-industrial civilization dates back to centuries ago, but the main era known as the Pre-Industrial Society occurred right before the industrial society. Pre-Industrial societies vary from region to region depending on the culture of a given area or history of social and political life. Europe is known for its feudal system and Medieval era

"Water closet" redirects here. For the room in a house with only a toilet, see Toilet (room). For rooms labelled "W.C.", see Public toilet.
Close coupled cistern type flushing toilet.
Porcelain squat toilet, with water tank for flushing (Wuhan, China)
Flush toilets can be designed for sitting or for squatting: Top: A flush toilet designed for sitting and cistern; Bottom: A squat toilet, with water tank for flushing (Wuhan, China)[1][2]
A flush toilet (also known as a flushing toilet, water closet (WC) – see also Toilet (names)) is a toilet that disposes of human excreta (urine and feces) by using water to flush it through a drainpipe to another location for disposal, thus maintaining a separation between humans and their excreta. Flush toilets can be designed for sitting (in which case they are also called "Western" toilets) or for squatting, in the case of squat toilets. The opposite of a flush toilet is a dry toilet, which uses no water for flushing.

Volta's pile. Volta's 'pile' or battery of 1800. This was the earliest form of battery supplying a continuous current. It was made of alternate copper and zinc discs separated by paper in salt solution or dilute acid. Volta (1745-1827) was a professor of physics at the University of Pavia, Italy. He published his invention in 1800 at the same time that this drawing was communicated to the Royal Society in London.

A telephone (derived from the Greek: τῆλε, tēle, "far" and φωνή, phōnē, "voice", together meaning "distant voice"), or phone, is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be heard directly. A telephone converts sound, typically and most efficiently the human voice, into electronic signals that are transmitted via cables and other communication channels to another telephone which reproduces the sound to the receiving user.

At Signal Hill on December 12, 1901, Guglielmo Marconi and his assistant, George Kemp, confirmed the reception of the first transatlantic radio signals. With a telephone receiver and a wire antenna kept aloft by a kite, they heard Morse code for the letter "S" transmitted from Poldhu, Cornwall. Their experiments showed that radio signals extended far beyond the horizon, giving radio a new global dimension for communication in the twentieth century.

Discover ideas about Philo Farnsworth
Philo Farnsworth developed the first electronic televisions. He is perhaps best known for his 1927 invention of the first fully functional all-electronic image pickup device (video camera tube), the "image dissector".

1961-1972: Development and Demonstration of Early Packet Switching Principles

The field of computer networking and today's Internet trace their beginnings back to the early 1960s, a time at which the telephone network was the world's dominant communication network. Recall from section 1.3, that the telephone network uses circuit switching to transmit information from a sender to receiver -- an appropriate choice given that voice is transmitted at a constant rate between sender and receiver. Given the increasing importance (and great expense) of computers in the early 1960's and the advent of timeshared computers, it was perhaps natural (at least with perfect hindsight!) to consider the question of how to hook computers together so that they could be shared among geographically distributed users. The traffic generated by such users was likely to be "bursty" -- intervals of activity, e.g., the sending of a command to a remote computer, followed by periods of inactivity, while waiting for a reply or while contemplating the received response.

There is nothing like a great music video
… And these are nothing like great music videos. Behold the music video hall of shame from the decade that was the 1980s. If you lived through it, be prepared to cringe. Repeatedly. Read it and watch these six not-so-golden-oldies in The Hit Job.

Apple has quietly dropped the iPod Classic, bringing an end to the genre-defining form factor.

The iPod Classic was ushered out of the Apple line-up after yesterday's product refresh, which saw the arrival of two new iPhones and the Apple Watch.

The Apple Store now only lists the iPhone-like iPod touch, the iPod nano and the iPod shuffle.