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502 BCE
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Naxos - An unsuccessful attack by the Persians on the island of Naxos lead to a revolt by Ionian settlements, occupied by the Persians. Naxos’ succeeded in rebelling against the Persians which encouraged other Greek settlements to fight back.
492 BCE
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Naxos - This date marked the first invasion of Greece by the Persians.
490 BCE
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Marathon - The first invasion of Greece by the Persians ended with Athens as the victor.
480 BCE
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480 BCE, Thermopylae Salamis: The Persians launched their second invasion of Greece, led by Xerxes. They overrun Athens and most of Greece but at the Battle of Salamis, the Greek navy beat the Persians, forcing Xerxes to retreat to Asia. The Battle of Salamis was the turning point of the war that caused the Greeks to defeat the Persians. It was a naval battle in 480 BC that was fought in the straits between the mainland and Salamis, an island in the Saronic Gulf near Athens. The Greeks (including Sparta, Athens, Corinth and Megara) were outnumbered and to defeat the oncoming Persian navy they blocked the pass of Thermopylae, while they engaged with the fleet in the nearby straits of Artemisium. After the Greek navy was sadly pushed back they, in an act of extreme courage, attacked the Persian fleet to protect the Peloponnese. The Persians went into the straits of Salamis and were blocked in. The huge amount of Persian ships hindered them while the small number of Greek ships maneuvered through easily defeating enemy forces. This battle allowed the Greeks to go on the offensive.
479 BCE
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479 BCE, Plataea - After the defeat at Salamis, some of the Persian armies retreated to an encampment at Plataea, Northwest of Athens. The Greek forces defeated them, ending the second Persian invasion. The Battle of Plataea was the one that finally destroyed the Persians’ spirits and became the last land battle in the war. This brutal battle happened on August 27, 479 BC in Boeotia. Greece attempted a retreat after their supply runs were disrupted and so the Persians charged with a general, Mardonius as their leader. The Greek soldiers were being crushed by the enemy forces. They prayed to Hera for good luck and charged one last time at the Persians. The Spartans closed in on Mardonius and killed him, causing the Persian army to flee. There was another side of the battle though which was situated around the Athenian-Theban conflict. The Thebans retreated in a way that allowed them to not take many casualties. The Greeks finally surrounded what was left of the Persian army and wiped them out. It is said that only 43,000 Persians survived and a massive 257,000 died.
478 BCE
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478 BCE, The Delian League: It was a grouping of Greek city-states with about 150 to 330 members, who under the leadership of Athens fought against the Persian Empire. The name is based on Delos, which is an island. Eventually, Athens got greedy and used the League’s funds for its own gain. This caused the Peloponnesian War in 431 BCE. In 401 BCE the League was dissolved by its new ruler, which was a Spartan commander. There were many battles in the Persian War that the League helped with. In 460 BCE Egypt rebelled against their Hellenistic leaders. Athens sent 250 ships to defeat the Egyptians resulting in a Greek loss. This was cause for the Athenians to move the league from Delos to their homeland. The Delian League was responsible for the huge win that was the Battle of Salamis.
476 BCE - 475 BCE
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Eion - Athenian general Cimon captured a Persian stronghold that held huge amounts of supplies.
468 BCE
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Caria - The coastal towns of Caria were freed from the Persians because of multiple land and sea battles. They then became a part of the Athenian Federation
456 BCE
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Prosopitis - The Persian forces attacked the Greeks at the Nile River Delta to support the Egyptian rebellion.
449 BCE
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Peace of Callias - Persia and Athens signed a peace treaty. Afterward, the Peloponnesian Wars began, as Sparta and other Greek cities rebelled against the Athenian supremacy.