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Use Cases
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Resources
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1896
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Plessy v. Ferguson
In Plessy v. Ferguson, the United States Supreme Court upholds a Louisiana law that mandates "separate but equal" facilities for Blacks and whites
1947
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Mendez v. Westminster: Desegregating California's Schools
In 1946, eight years before the landmark Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education, Mexican Americans in Orange County, California won a class action lawsuit to dismantle the segregated school system that existed there. While Brown v. Board of Education remains much more famous, Mendez v. Westminster School District (1947) was actually the first case in which segregation in education was successfully challenged in federal court
1954 - 1955
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Oliver Brown et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the United States Supreme Court rules that segregated schools are "inherently unequal" and foster "feeling[s] of inferiority" in Black children. The Court orders the desegregation of public schools but does not provide a firm timeline.
1957
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The Little Rock Nine were a group of nine black students who enrolled at formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in September 1957. Their attendance at the school was a test of Brown v. Board of Education 1954 Supreme Court ruling. On September 4, 1957, the first day of classes at Central High, Governor Orval Faubus called in the Arkansas National Guard to block the black students’ entry into the high school. Later that month, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent in federal troops to escort the Little Rock Nine into the school.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/central-high-school-integration
1964
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CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964
Fifty years ago today, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin
1970
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Cisneros v. Corpus Christi Independent School District (1970), the Federal District Court decreed that Hispanic-Americans should be classified as an ethnic minority group, and that the integration of Corpus Christi schools should reflect that