Early European History Part 1

IN ROME! dealt with Visigoth invaders, gave them some autonomy (not really a choice)
Different from edict of Milan, now only Othrodox Christianity was acceptable(VIsigoths were Arian) biological children ruled after him

sacked Rome in 410-angry at not being immersed in Roman lifestyle
Honorius (son of Theodosius) shouldn't have executed Stilicho because he needed him to defend Rome

Roman British family, captured by Irish pirates, unknown exactly when Ireland converted, Ireland was rural-bands/tribes vision from god to go convert Irish

Odvocar (Germanic General) deposes last child emperor in west (Romulus Augustulus

Born into Theodoric's Italy, Christian family, father was elite (consul) Boethius became consul in 510, translated many works into Latin to help Roman education "liberal arts" quadrivium and trivium grammer, logic and rhetoric-accused of plot with eastern emperor-wrote Consulation of Philosopy in prison-executed in 524

last of the Frankish commanders to fight on side of Rome-father of clovis

Merovingian line- reveresed father's position, fought against Rome 486-defeated Syagrius at the Battle of Soissons, recognized by emperor in east, became a Catholic Christian-not Aryan beacuause of marriage to Clothilda "Baptism of Clovis"=church moment

Clotilda: wife of Clovis, mother was Roman aristocracy, ftahter was barbarian, uncle killed parents and adopted her, Clovis killed him and converted

Merovingian family-equal inheritance and chaos

Official at Ostrogotic court, from elite Roman Christian family, offical letter writer for Theodoric, 514 became consul wrote Variae/Chronica/History of the Goths, outlives Theodoric into period of chaos
540-leaves for Constantinople, 555 back to southern Italy
Cassidorius 585 working on later spelling book as Roman empire collapses

Grew up in east (Emperor Zeno's court), but inherited Ostrogoth father's title
Agrees to reconquer Italy for eastern emperor
Has Odvocar murdered, but eastern emperor never comes
Theodoric takes over-brought back Roman lifestyle and allowed Orthodoxy

Italian Christian, founded monastary during chaos, practical thing to do really, put up walls
created rules-about how monks should live their lives

Eastern emperor-last of them? worked to reunite both halves of the empire, had worldview that Rome should be seat of power, higher taxes to raise money, led to Nika Riots-chariot races where all were killed, his general Belasarius conquered Northern Africa, some success in Italy does not last though-Justinian had spent everything on his invasion and had new invasions from Persia to worry about-improved Constantinople

Theodora: Justininians wife, was a stage performer before she married, controverisal amasses a lot of power and was resented-Propius

Corpus Juris Civilis: 4 books on Roman law Code/novels/digest/institutions-revision/new legislation/ summary of commentaries on law/ textbooks of legal princeples

born into Italian Peninsula chaos, became prefect of Rome, founded monastary (St. Andrews) travelf for Pope, many writings (Pastoral Care) launched an attempt to convert British Isles-gentler conversion

Catholic Bishop in Spain, kingdom of visigoths, same time as Cassidorucs 590-bishops now matter as kindom is Catholic
Wrote Etymologies-154 classical authors! wikipedia cited

Mecca-crossroads main trading post before Islam, cultural not ethnic, center of polytheism, had contact with Byzantine empire

Muhammad-born into powerful family in Mecca. 595 married widow. 610-first revelations, word of God through Gabriel

630-bloodlessly conquered Mecca, successful just not geographically

sent to England-obvious place to missionize-by Greg the Great, from St. Andrews, England was more closely linked to Pagan world than Franks, made him Archbishop of Canterbury-Rome for power conversion was gentle-still remnants

Journey from Mecca to Medina where he gathered followers

The Qur'an-114 chapters longest-shortest (not chronological) Muslims believe that this is word for word the word of God and should not be translated

Five Pillars of Islam
1)Profession of Faith 3) Fast of Ramadan 5) Pilgrimag(Mecca)
2) Daily Worship 4) Alms for Poor

Centered on Damascus-by 750 spred from Arabia outward thorugh Noth Africa-Spain-Caspian Sea

70 years after Augustine of Canterbury,meeting of English bishops, King of Northumbria wanted to know what "brand" of Christianity of follow-Irish or Roman, ended up choosing Roman

Northumbrian Renaissance
Wrote History of English People (new cultural unity)
wrote widely and on many subjects
copedied letters and bookss-as a benedictien monk
popularized AD datind

Missionizing eastern Franks, from Saxony, used to be Winifred, got permission in 719 to missionze, was martyred

"Charles Family-ruled after Merovingians fell after Brunehilda vs Clothar-Dagobert makes mayor/major idea-where Carolingians come from

Charles the Hammer! expands father's power, Battle of Pointers-Tours (732) stopped Islamic raiding party-good propoganda, helped St. Binedict because he knew where Christianity went kindom would probably follow, NOT A KING YET!

Anglo/Saxon, ran Charlemagne's school, well learned and taught aristocracy

Mayor from 741, crowned king in 751, really had be ruling before that, supported, mutually, by Pope, annoited by Boniface (751) started relationship b/w Franks and Popes

Centered on Baghdad

Sunnis-followers of the caliph
Shii'a-self-undesrstood minority(10%)-believe true leader must be from Muhammad's bloodline, will emerge one day

Dhimmis-non-muslims in muslim empire, people of the book, not persecuted but had to pay higher tax rates, sometimes even discouraged from converting because of this-Jews and Christians not polytheists

forged document of Constantine saying popes were leaders of bishops and/or west

Charles the Great, strong warrior, expanded territory, promated learning wanted centralized government, fought Saxons every year, wanted written orders (capitualaries) and for them to be obeyed, people did obey for first time in years "Europe" first used crowned Holy Roman Emperor

lived through Charlemagne, sent to palace school lothar's tutor, wrote "Life of Charlemagne" was from monastary but not monk

many individuals involved, improved interestin classics, learnig salvage and consolidate, standardization of many things bible/music etc. Carolingian minuscule-new form of writing

Vikings-from north and most influential raiders, settled on British isles and attacked monastaries

Magyars-polytheist invaders from Asian steppes

monastary in Switzerland-edited Life of Charlemagne
tutor to Charles the bald
saw things disentegrating

Charlemagne's son, not as tough, under thumb of church
2 wives, 4 sons

Lothar/Pippin/Louis/Charles

Lothar/Louis/Charles divided up kingdom into 3 sections, Lothar got title and small middle, went to son went to Charles

Split b/w Greece and Rome Churches

Carolingian noblewomen, womean have more power during unstable times, wrote a book for her son "Handbook for WIlliam" when husband took sons and left only one manuscript proves women author