Behavioral Psychology

German philosopher who argued that psychology cannot be an actual science if its subject matter (conscious experiences) resists measurement. According to Kant, mental phenomena need to be analyzed by reason alone.

Darwin is well known because of his theory of evolution. Darwin's main work is the origin of species by means of natural selection. Darwin's ideas help the development of "functionalism" from "structuralism". Structuralism did not incorporate Darwinian evolutionary perspective and it did not incorporate data from non-humans, something that structuralism intended to do.

German philosopher who was interested in the empirical study of the human mind and the laws that govern it. He created the "voluntarism" thinking that the historical study of humans and their cultures would promote further understanding of the human mind.

Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning. Pavlov was one of the most important figures who studied reflex physiology.

Reflexology suggested that physical and chemical processes related to the function of reflexes could be systematically applied to explain behavior.

Titchener immigrated to the Unides States and created a program that came to be labeled as "Structuralism".
Structuralism seek to determine the "elements" that made up the mental life and understand how these elements connect and create more complex phenomena.

Movement in which scholars were concerned about the continuity of mental development across species. Animal psychologists did not rely on introspection, rather they use observation of behavior and experimentation.

Thorndike was an American psychologist who is recognized mainly by his studies regarding the law of effect. This law emphasized the consequences of a response distinguishing in that way from the classical S-R behaviorism. Thorndike argued that a behavior that produces a satisfying effect is more likely to occur again in similar circumstances, while behavior that produces a discomforting effect is less likely to ocurr again in those circunstances.

An alternative approach to psychology that combines evolutionary theory, development, and psychology.

Skinner was an American psychologist who promoted the movement of radical behaviorism. This movement suggests that mental or private events do exist, however radical behaviorists argued that observable and measurable events are more relevant. Skinner is also known as the father of operant conditioning, He believed that the best way to understand behavior is by looking at the causes and consequences of the behavior. Skinner is also known by his work on verbal behavior which tries to understand verbal behavior based on observable variables.

The behavioral revolution was promoted by John B. Watson. Watson was among the first psychologists to use the words behaviorism and behaviorist. Watson proposed that psychology should be empirical or in other words data should be observable. Watson's behaviorism is also known as classical S-R behaviorism. It advocated for the study of the stimulus-response relation.