Science

invented the first practical electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

noted for having first distinguished the main blood groups in 1900 thus allowing for blood transfusions can be given without fear of harming the patient.

Creator of Penicillin

American research chemist and a pioneer in the chemical synthesis of medicinal drugs from plants.

Honored for his work on the release and reuptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters, a class of chemicals in the brain that include epinephrine, norepinephrine, and, as was later discovered, dopamine. Axelrod also made major contributions to the understanding of the pineal gland and how it is regulated during the sleep-wake cycle

James Lind , a Scottish naval surgeon, discovers that citrus fruits prevent scurvy

Edward Jenner develops the process known as vaccination by using the cowpox virus to protect people from smallpox.

According to germ theory, a specific disease is caused by a specific organism.Before this discovery, most doctors believe diseases are caused by spontaneous generation.

The juice from willow tree bark had been used as early as 400 BC to relieve pain. 19th century scientists knew that it was the salicylic acid in the willow that made it work, but it irritated the lining of the mouth and stomach.Felix Hoffman synthesizes acetyl salicylic acid, developing what is now the most widely used medicine in the world

Scottish bacteriologist Sir Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin. He shares the 1945 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Ernst Chain and Sir Howard Florey.