Divided Monarchy

Chaldean ruler who captures Nineveh in 612 BC and Harran in 610 BC. Dies while son Nebuchadnezzar leads campaign to Carchemish.

Conquers Assyrians at Carchemish in 605 BC. Campaigns to the West (Syria, Phoenicia, Judah, Philistia) in 604-601 BC, 599-597 BC, 595 594 BC, 587-586 BC, 582 BC, 573 BC, not to mention campaigns to Egypt. Mentioned in 2 Kings 24-25; 2 Chronicles 36; Jeremiah; and Daniel (among others).

Releases Jehoichin of Judah. Assassinated by Neriglissar. Mentioned in 2 Kings 25:27 and Jeremiah 52:31-34.

Assassinates Amel-Marduk and usurps the throne.

Rules 2-3 months. Deposed by Nabonidus in coup d'état.

Not related by blood to previous kings. Takes throne in coup d'état. Establishes capital at Teyma in Arabia and more-or-less goes into exile there while his son rules Babylon as co-regent. Defeated by Cyrus at the Battle of Opis.

Son of Nabonidus who rules as co-regent in Babylon.

Battles coalition of western kings which includes Ahab of Israel at the Battle of Qarqar.

"Pul" is perhaps based on Tiglath-pileser III's Babylonian throne-name Pulu or it is a pejorative name-play meaning "limestone block." His inscriptions mention Menahem of Israel, Pekah of Israel, Hoshea of Israel, Uzziah/Azariah of Judah, and Ahaz of Judah. Mentioned in 2 Kings 15:19 and 29; 16:7 and 10; 1 Chronicles 5:26.

Mentioned in 2 Kings 17:3 and 18:9. Fall of Northern Kingdom of Israel.

Mentioned in Isaiah 20:1.

His inscriptions mention Hezekiah of Judah. Mentioned in 2 Kings 18:13 (Isaiah 36:1); 2 Kings 19 (Isaiah 37; 2 Chronicles 32). Invaded Southern Kingdom of Judah.

His inscriptions mention Manasseh of Judah. Mentioned in 2 Kings 19:37 (Isaiah 37:38) and Ezra 4:2.

One source says Aššurbanipal reigned 42 years, which would put the end of his rule in 627 BC. His inscriptions mention Manasseh of Judah. Mentioned in Ezra 4:10.

Assyrian empire collapses. Nineveh is destroyed by Chaldeans and Medes in 612 BC.

Assyrian prince rules over a rump state.

Dates uncertain. Reigns around the first quarter of 10th century BC. Mentioned in 2 Samuel 8:3-12; 10:16; 1 Kings 11:23; and 1 Chronicles 18:3.

Dates uncertain. Reigns around the third quarter of 10th century BC. Mentioned in 1 Kings 11:23, 25.

Dates uncertain. Reigns around the last quarter of 10th century BC. Mentioned in 1 Kings 15:18.

Dates uncertain. Reigns end of 10th century BC. Mentioned in 1 Kings 15:18.

Mentioned in 1 Kings 15:18-20.

Not certain that this is a different individual from Ben-Hadad I. If different, then mentioned in 1 Kings 20 and 22; 2 Kings 8.

Mentioned in 1 Kings 19:15-17; 2 Kings 8:9-15, 28; 9:14-15; 10:32; 13:22-25; 2 Chronicles 22:5-6.

Mentioned in the inscription of Zakkur and 2 Kings 13:3, 24-25.

Executed by Tiglath-pileser III. Mentioned in 2 Kings 15:37; 2 Kings 16:5-6, 9; Isaiah 7:1, 4, 8.

Rules only 7 days.

Mentioned in an inscription of King Mesha of Moab and in inscriptions of Shalmaneser III, Adad-nerāri III, Tiglath-pileser III and Sargon II.

A sealing ring of Ahab discovered (disputed). Mentioned in inscriptions of Shalmaneser III. Fought at Battle of Qarqar.

Mentioned in the Aramaic inscription from Tel Dan. Assassinated by Jehu.

Usurps the throne. Assassinates both Joram king of Israel and Ahaziah king of Judah. Mentioned in inscriptions of Shalmaneser III.

Mentioned in inscription of Adad-nerāri III (Tell er-Rimah stela).

A jasper seal of Jeroboam discovered (disputed).

Rules only 6 months.

Rules only 1 month.

Mentioned in inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III.

Usurps the throne. First part of rule he only controls area east of Jordan River. Mentioned in inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III.

Assassinated by his general Pekah.

A chalcedony seal and two seal impressions of Hosea discovered. Mentioned in inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III. Capital of Samaria falls to Shalmaneser V in 722/721 BC.

Prophet to northern kingdom of Israel during the reigns of Ahab, Ahaziah, and Jehoram of Judah.

Prophet to northern kingdom of Israel during the reigns of Jehoshaphat, Joram, Jehu, Jehoahaz, and Jehoash.

Prophet to northern kingdom of Israel during the reign of Jeroboam II.

Prophet to northern kingdom of Israel during the reigns of Jeroboam II and Uzziah.

Prophet to northern kingdom of Israel during the reigns of Jeroboam II, Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah.

Prophet to southern kingdom of Judah. Begins the year Uzziah died, reports the death of Sennacherib, and according to tradition is executed by Manasseh.

Prophet to southern kingdom of Judah during the reigns of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, apparently before fall of Samaria 722 BC and before Sennacherib's invasion 701 BC.

Prophet perhaps from southern kingdom of Judah. Began after fall of Thebes 664 BC and before Assyrian weakness, perhaps 652 BC.

Prophet to southern kingdom of Judah during reign of Josiah.

Prophet to southern kingdom of Judah during reigns of Josiah, Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin and Zedekiah. Began the 13th year of Josiah and ended in Tahpanhes, Egypt.

Prophet to southern kingdom of Judah. Begins with rise of Chaldeans and ends perhaps after Babylonian deportations.

Prophet from southern kingdom of Judah. Began 4th year of Jehoiakim, and ends in 3rd year of Cyrus the Great after conquest of Babylon.

Prophet from southern kingdom of Judah. Began 5th year of Jehoiachin's exile. Last dated prophecy is 27th year of Jehoiachin's exile.

Prophet to southern kingdom of Judah. Dates are highly uncertain, perhaps immediately after Babylonian deportations.

Prophet to southern kingdom of Judah after Babylonian exile, in 2nd year of Darius I.

Prophet to southern kingdom of Judah after Babylonian exile. Begins 2nd year of Darius I, and ends perhaps later than 4th year of Darius I.

Prophet to southern kingdom of Judah. Dates are highly uncertain, perhaps between Haggai-Zechariah and Malachi.

Prophet to southern kingdom of Judah after Babylonian exile. Dates are highly uncertain, perhaps before Ezra's arrival in 457 BC.

Mentioned in the Aramaic inscription from Tel Dan. Rules only 1 year. Assassinated by Jehu.

Two seals and an Aramaic funerary tablet of Uzziah discovered. Mentioned in inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III (uncertain).

Sealing ring (disputed) and seal impression of Jothan discovered.

Carnelian seal and jasper seal (uncertain) and about 27 seal impressions discovered. Mentioned in inscription of Tiglath-pileser III.

About 52 seal impressions of Hezekiah discovered. Mentioned in inscriptions of Sennacherib.

Conglomerate stone seal of Manasseh discovered. Mentioned in inscriptions of Esarhaddon and Aššurbanipal

Rules only 3 months.

Rules only 3 months. Mentioned in Babylonian ration tablets.

Jerusalem destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BC.