A.P Euro Timeline

Allowed imperial princes of Europe to choose either Catholicism or Lutheranism.

Put an end to 30 Years War. Marked the beginning of modern international relations. Recognized sovereignty of the German states, the Netherlands which meant that Europe wouldn't unite under an emperor.

October 18th.
Unified Spain. In 1492, Columbus sailed for Ferdinand and Isabella.

Brought the Americas to the attention of Western Europe. It was because of Columbus's discoveries that England, France, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain all established footholds here. Also brought new diseases to the Americas. Helped to prove to Europe that the earth was round and not flat.

Emperor Charles V presided over it. Did tackle other issues but most memorable for Martin Luther.

1534 (Act of Supremacy)
It undermined the authority of the Pope. May have been the start of Protestantism in England.

Strengthened the Catholic doctrine, halted the further spread of Protestantism, won back areas that had already turned Protestant for the Catholic Church, spread Catholicism to new lands and peoples.

Largest fleet ever assembled. Part of the dominance of Spanish Empire. Yet the Armada was defeated by England.

Revoked by Louis XIV. Made it so French Protestants no longer had the religious and civil liberties that Henry IV had given them.

Parliament had overthrown King James II and invited William "The Orange" to rule along with the daughter of James II and had them sign the English Bill of Rights which essentially limited the power a monarch had.

Ordered the execution of 2,400 people in Paris by July 1794. In France 30,000 people died. It was meant to fight the enemies of the revolution and to prevent the counter revolution from gaining ground.

The Holy Roman Empire had been losing its territory slowly for over 200 years. Francis II abdicated after his forces were beaten by Napoleon.

The Congress's objective was to settle the many issues that came about from the French Revolution wars, the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, and the Napoleonic wars. The Congress set the foundations for European international politics until 1914.

Period of revolutions was over and European liberals and nationalists in started to actually cooperate with their governments instead of trying to overthrow them.

Serfs were emancipated because of the Crimean War. Fifty out of the sixty million legal occupants of Russia were serfs.

It created the states in Africa which we see today. It was a source of the rivalry between the powers of Europe. It brought raw materials and land to te economies of Europe.

European powers drew up borders in Africa in order to create a grid that made who owns what clear. The attempts made by the Berlin Conference was part of the Scramble for Africa.

The conference was initially made as a prologue of victors to meet and agree what they would demand of Germany at a peace conference which came later on.

Led to The Holocaust which led to World War II.

Attempted to create Peace between France and Germany. Also to make a goal where war was unthinkable and materially impossible.

Ended the Cold War. Communism was no more part of Eastern Europe, Germany. It made the inhabitants of East Berlin able to obtain a better life.

Left the United States as the police of the world. It impacted defense spending in Western countries.

Peasants demanded agrian rights an freedom from oppression by nobles and landlords. Around 100,000 peasants were killed. Led by Zwingli.

It destroyed the old monarchy. It caused the rise of Napoleon. And it lead to the abolishment of aristocratic privileges.

Completely changed the government and outlook on life in an extremely large country. Brought about the Soviet Union. Marked the end of a dynasty that had been around for 300 years.

First book to be printed. The Bible was produced enough to where peasants could read it and wouldn't have to depend on the upper-class to interpret the book.

Primary catalyst for the Protestant reformation. It protested the sale of indulgences as well as many other clerical abuses. It encouraged the common folk to question the elitism of the Catholic church.

Written by Machiavelli. Stated a voice that explained what the common folk wanted in a monarch. It influenced the discourse and status of European Monarchy.

Newton's work that was the ending of a long chain of discovery and theory that had changed through out the Scientific Revolution.

Placed sovereignty into the people's hands. Also said the people are equal and invested in natural rights.

Rousseau essentially said that the way the modern world works causes our physical freedom, that is our birthright, to be repressed.

Today it's a fundamental work in classical economics. The work talks about division of labor, free markets, and productivity.

Karl Marx hadn't intended the Manifesto's revolution to start in Russia. He had intended it to take place in Britain, France, or Germany where the rich get richer and the poor get poorer under the capitalist regimes.

Contents of speech were confidential. He attacked the crimes that had been committed by the closet associates of Stalin and Stalin himself.

Was used to justify the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968. Policy was maintained through 1989. It essentially stated that the Soviet Union could use the force of their military to uphold the stricts rule of the Communist Party in surrounding socialist countries.

Slowly brought feudalism to an end. Less people were left to work fields for harvest so manors had to offer larger wages for workers. People began to migrate to where the work was.