Spak- Buccini U.S. History Project

Regulated the affairs of emancipated blacks. Aimed at first to ensure a stable and subservient labor force. For example, Cotton Kingdom could not rise until fields were put again under the plows. Dire penalties were enforced. Codes also sought to restore the pre-emancipation system. Forbade a black to work as jury. Made a bad impression of the North. Made people realize the North really did win the war.

A program created by Congress intended to help provide food, clothing, medical care, and education to both freedmen and to white refugees. Headed by Oliver O. Howard, the bureau greatly succeeded in education, teaching an estimated 200,000 blacks how to read. After multiple attacks by Johnson and white Southerners, the program expired in 1872.

Prohibited all forms of slavery and involuntary servitude.

Aimed to counteract the black codes by conferring citizenship on African Americans and making it a crime to deprive blacks of their rights to sue, testify in court, or hold property.

Founded in Tennessee in 1866, this empire of white Southerners took violent action against southern blacks, and whites who supported them. The KKK was sent underground in 1870 and 1871 due to the Force Acts, which sent Federal troops to the south to help stamp out the KKK

Constitutional amendment that extended civil rights to freedmen and prohibited states from taking away such rights without due process.

Prohibited states from denying citizens the franchise on account of race. Disappointed feminists who wanted the amendment to guarantee women’s suffrage.

Guaranteed equal accommodations in public places and prohibited racial discrimination in jury selection.

Helped find the construction of the Union Pacific transcontinental railroad with the use of land grants and government bonds.

West Virginia becomes state in 1863

Nebraska becomes 37th state in 1867, Many homesteaders moved to Nebraska. Also, railroads were opened and were advertised to Eastern states and even Europe.

The United States purchased Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million in 1867. Alaska became known as “Seward’s Folly,” from the man who made the deal, William Seward, and because most believed Alaska to be a waste of land.

Resolved the 1876 election and ended construction. Hayes agreed to withdraw troops from former Confederate states.

Era indicating the fabulous wealth and widespread corruption.Economic issues separated the Democrats from Republicans. They did agree on certain things like the tariff and civil-service.

Union Pacific railroad insiders had formed the credit mobilier company and then hired themselves at inflated prices to build the railroad line, earning income as high as 348 percent. To avoid congress stopping their process, they would share income with key congressmen.

A worldwide depression that started in the United States when one of the nation’s largest banks abruptly declared bankruptcy, leading to the collapse of of thousands of banks and businesses. The crisis intensified debtors’ calls for inflationary measures such as the printing of more paper money and the unlimited coinage of silver.

Former slaves who found themselves at the mercy of their former masters who were now their landlords. Merchants manipulated the system so that farmers remained in debt.