Preceden

History of Genetics

Discoveries

Darwin's Origin of Species

01/01/1859

Rediscovery of Mendel

01/01/1900

Spemann: Embryonic induction

01/01/1902

Sutton

01/01/1902

separation of homologous chromosomes parallel Mendel's law of segregation

H-W equilibrium

01/01/1905 - 01/01/1906

populational genetics

Garrod: Alaptonuria

01/01/1908

biochemical, development, medical, mendelian genetics

TH Morgan

01/01/1910

Sex linked inheritance for 1st mutation discovered in Drosophila; followed by gene theroy and linakge

HT Muller X-ray gene mutation

01/01/1918 - 01/01/1926

Goldschmidt & Intersexuality

01/01/1920

Biochemistry & Development, cytoplasmic factors

Landauer- "Creeper" Mutant; Glucksohn- T-Locus

01/01/1924

Synthesis of genetics & development

Spemann: Organizer

01/01/1924

Griffith Transforming Principle

01/01/1928

unknown principle transformed harmless R strain of pneumococcus into virulent S strain

Dobzhansky

01/01/1930 - 01/01/1950

Field studies & population cages

RA Fischer: Fundamental theory of natural selection

01/01/1930

Mendel, Darwinism, math
- gene pool
- rate of speciation related to total genetic variation
- rate of incrs of fitness is equal to genetic variance in fitness

Sonneborn "Killer paramecium"

01/01/1930

Wright: Adapative Landscape Model

01/01/1930

  • small, semi-isolated groups best for evolution
  • genetic drift; bottle neck effects
  • environment is divided (unlike Fischer)

Creighton & McClintock

01/01/1931

Cytological proof for crossing over in maize

Beadle & Ephrussi: Drosophila eye transplant

01/01/1935

genes act on biochemical pathways (enzymes)

HBD Kettlewell: Peppered moths

01/01/1940

Waddington Canalization

01/01/1940

Tissue competency; canalization; genetic assimilation

Beadle & Tatum (Neospora)

01/01/1941

one gene one enzyme hypothesis

Avery, MacLeod, McCarty

01/01/1944

Purification of Griffith's transforming agent-> DNA

Delbruck phage course

01/01/1945

taught at cold spring harbor

Pauling: Alpha helix

01/01/1951

Sanger aa sequence

01/01/1951

aa specificitys chool

Hershey & Chase

01/01/1952

DNA rather than proteins carry genetic info; phages w/ 35S & 32P

Watson & Crick

01/01/1953

Double helix model

Cain & Sheppard: Snails

01/01/1954

Kornberg: DNA polymerase

01/01/1958

Meselson & Stahl

01/01/1958

Proof of semiconservative replication of DNA

Nirenberg & Khorana

01/01/1966

triplet codon to specify aa

Human Genome Project

01/01/2000

Trends of study

Alt views of NS

01/01/1885 - 01/01/1900

Neo-lamarckism; Mutationism; Orthogenesis

Experimental embryology

01/01/1900 - 01/01/1940

transplanting embryos to host, ignored genetics

Russia Field population

1900 - 1920

Chetervikov (1926)

Theoretical populational genetics

01/01/1918 - 01/01/1935

Hollistic Biology Movement

01/01/1920 - 01/01/1930

"Modern Synthesis"

01/01/1938 - 01/01/1950

Lab & field studies; testable hypothesis of evolution

Genetics & NS experiments

01/01/1940 - 01/01/1954

New evol synthesis

01/01/1980 - 01/01/1990

molecular evolution, molecular phylogenetics, ecology, biogeography, evo-devo

Politico/social context

WWI

01/01/1914 - 01/01/1918

Lysenkoism

01/01/1928 - 01/01/1960

WWII

01/01/1939 - 01/01/1945

Cold War

01/01/1945 - 01/01/1991

Green Revolution

01/01/1945 - 01/01/1975