European Semester 1 Timeline

England forced the Peace of Brétigny- Calais on the French that stated Edward's authority in France territories and England agreed to stop holding King John captive.

Giovanni Boccaccio wrote the Decameron.

The poor revolt in France.

Problems between the church

Peasants revolt in England due to the Statute of Laborers.

English defeated the French at Agincourt.

The Great Schism ended within the churches.

The Treaty of Troyes recognizes that England is an heir to the French throne.

Henry VI is announce the King of France as well as England.

Aztecs began imperial expansion in the New World.

Joan of Arc leads France to Orléans where they beat the English.

Hussites of Bohemia passed the Four Articles.

Medici established the Cosimo de' Medici to stabilize rule in Florence.

The Council Of Basel collapsed.

The English win the Hundred Years War but they only keep their land on Calais.

Turks marched through the Castantinople and towards the west.

Gutenberg published a printed Bible.

Treaty of Lodi formed an alliance between Milan, Naples, and Florence.

One third of the Florence population was listed as pauper. (People with no wealth at all)

Johann Gutenberg invented a printer with movable type.

The Estates General was suspended.

Pico's Oration was published in Rome to start a public debate on life's important topics.

Christopher Columbus landed in San Salvador.

Charles VIII evades Italy and Savonarola controls Florence.

League of Venice unites Venice, Milan, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire, and Spain againist France.

Savonarola loses control of France.

Louis XII invades Milan.

Borgias conquers Romagna

The Holy League defeats France.

Machiavelli writes The Prince.

Francis I leads France into Italy for the third time.

The Concordat of Bologna is made between France and the Papacy.

Luther posted his Ninety-Five Theses against indulgences onto the door of the Castle Church in Wittenburg.

Charles I (Spain) was elected as the Holy Roman Emperor.

Luther challenged the Pope's authority and ability of the church councils at the Leipzig Debate.

Peasants revolt in Germany

Imperial soliders protect Rome.

The Diet of Augsburg didn't settle religious differences.

Parliament passes the Submission of the Clergy which said that the Church of England gave up their power to make laws without the King's consent.

The Act of Succession allowed Anne Boleyn's children to be the heir of the English throne.

The Act of Supremacy declares that Henry VIII was the head of the church of England.

HenryVIII writes the Six Articles.

Edward VI takes throne under the protectorships in Somersot and Northumberland.

The First Act of Supremacy imposes the Book of Common Prayer on the English churches.

Mary Tudor restores the Catholic Doctrine.

Elizabeth I makes an Anglican religious settlement.

The Thirty Years War begins and it is the worst of the religious wars.

James II fights against Parliament while the puritans were against the anglicans.

This is the treaty that ends the Thirty Years War.

The French noble rebellion.

Louis XIV moved the government to Versailles and this action made the nobles less powerful because they had to ask the King to do everything.

Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes because it allowed religious toleration and he wanted France to be Catholic.

Newton discovers the formula for gravity.

William III and Mary take over the English throne so James II doesn't rule anymore.

The Old Regime was established and it gave nobles more privileges, it established churches, it made an urban work force, and rural peasantry on the land.

The War of the Spanish Succession began because Spain wanted Europe to be Catholic.

When William of Orange died the Netherlands economy declined because they didn't have a ruler to control it.

The Treaty of Utrecht ended the Spanish Succession.

The financial crisis in France.

The War of Jenkins' Ear between Spain and England because Spain had cut off an English citizens ear.

Charles VI (Spain) made sure that his daughter, Maria Teresa, got heir to the Spanish throne.

The War of the Austrian Succession began because of the Pragmatic Sanction.

The Treaty of Aix- la- Chapelle made peace between England and France.

The Enlightenment was a new way of thinking that introduced rationalism, and deism. The influences of the Enlightenment were Locke, Newton, the British because of their liberal ideas, and the printing press.

The Industrial Revolution started a better standard of living.

Diderot made the Encycolpedia which was a book of ideas and essays.

France and Austria made an alliance against England and Prussia.

The Seven Years War began and it was also known as the first world war.

Ends the Seven Years War.

Utilitatianism, in Becarria's eyes, said to sacrifice the greater good for the grater number.

When England taxed legal documents and paper.

The machine that spun clothing faster than it did by hand and it was invented by James Hargreaves.

James Watts enhanced the steam engine by makingnit work faster and more effiecent.

The Water Frame is a machine that was water powered and made weaving faster, this was invented by Richard Arkwright.

A revolt of American patriots against the British.

When American patriots attacked a British ship and dumped out all of the tea.

American declared its independence from England.

Henry Cort introduced new methods of melting iron.

The King declared that the Third Estate would have double the amount of votes as the First and Second Estates.

The King declared that the Third Estate would have double the amount of votes as the First and Second Estates.

Louis XVI called the Estates General in hopes of bringing stability to France's economy.

The Third Estate and First Estate join together to make up the National Assembly.

The first revolutionary act where the National Assembly met in a tennis court and wrote the first Constitution of France.

Parisians went to Bastile to collect weapons and free political prisoners against the King.

The people in France were afraid of the uprising of a war and being killed and the nobles said that everyone was equal, on paper.

This document said that all men were equal and this idea was based off of John Locke.

Parisian women armed themselves and invaded Versailles to get the King to give them more food.

The Constitution of 1791 stated that the new government of France was unicameral and was a constitutional monarchy.

Louis and his family dressed up as servants and try to escape to Varennes but they get caught and brought back to Paris.

The Declaration of Pillnitz was passed in Austria to protect the royal family.

The Legislative Assembly meets.

Mary Wollstonecraft opposed Rousseau's idea of women and men being in different spheres and she challened him.

France goes to war with Austria because Austria was seen as a threat to the revolution.

The National Guard shot into a crowd of Parisians.

France declared itself a Republic.

Louis XVI was beheaded.

The Directory was made up of five men who wrote the Constitution of Year III.

Napolean gets rid of the Directory to spread Enlightenment ideas.

Napolean makes peace with the Pope and the church but the church is still under the state. "Confidence from below, power from above."

Napolean crowns himself the Emperor of France.

Robespierre and the Common of Public Safety executed anyone who was believed to be a counter revolutionary; but they didn't have to run a trial anymore.