Timeline 1870-2000

Total of Senators=74
Number of Democrats=17
Number of Republicans=57

Total # of Senators=76
Total Democrats=43
Total Republicans=33

Total Senators=76
Total Democrats=37
Total Republican=37

-Gave free slaves and other African Americans the right to vote

Issue: 5th Admendment, Public Intersest; States' Rights
Supreme Court Decision: Upheld an Illinois law that regulated railroad rates. The reason why is because the movement of grain was closely related to Public Interest.

-Is the beginning of the end of Reconstruction
-Gave white democrats free reign to subjugate blacks and newly freed slaves

Issue: 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause, Racial Discrimination

-Issue:Federalism
-Decision: Struck down an Illinois law regulating interstate railroad rates, ruling that it infringed on the federal government's exclusive control over interstate commerce

-Americans overthrew Queen Liliuokalani in 1893
-United States annexes Hawaii;Spanish-American War

-Issue: labor strkes, Interstate Commerce
-Supreme Courts Decision: Ruled that the federal government had the authority to halt a railroad strike because it interfered with interstate commerce and delivery of mail

-Supreme court rules seperate but equal facilities legal
-The Issue: Segregation, 14th Amendment Equal Protection Law

-U.S. gained control of Canal Zone in Panama

Issue: Labor conditions, property rights, 14th Amendment
Decision:Struck down a state law setting a 10-hour day for employees because the law interfered with an employee's right to contract with an employer and violated the protection of liberty guaranteed by the 14th admendment

-Issue: Women's rights, Labor Conditions, 14th Admendment
Decision:In a departure from the Lochner case, the court upheld a state law limiting women's work hours, viewing women as a special case needing special protections

-Issue:Antitrust
-Decision-Ruled that American tobacco was an illegal monopoly and ordered that it to be dissolved into smaller, competing companies

-Were ratified

-Issue:1st Amendment freedom of speech, national security
-Decision: Upheld the convictions of persons who distributed antigovernment literature in violation of the Espionage Act. But Justice Holmes and Brandeis dissented, urging more stringent protection of the 1st Admendment.

"The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Bhagat Singh Thind v. United States "high caste Hindus" from India are not eligible for citizenship because they do qualify as "white" under the naturalization law"(Timeline:Voting Right Acts).

-Issue: 1st Amendment freedoms of speech and press, 14th Amendment
-Decision: Ruled that the freedoms of speech and press were "incorporated" and protected from impairment by the states by the due process clause of the 14th Admendment

-Began in Tennesse

-Issue:1st Admendment freedom of speech, 14th Admendment
-Decision: The Supreme Court struck down a Minnesota state law, ruling that it infringed upon freedom of the press, guaranteed by the due process clause of the 14th Amendment

-Issue: 1st Amendment and 14th Admendment
-Decision: Overturned an anticommunist law that banned the public display of a red flag. This was the first time the Supreme Court struck down a state law under the 1st Amendment as applied to the states by the 14th Amendment

-Issue:5th Admendment, civil liberties,national security
-Decision:The Supreme Court upheld the legitimacy of travel restrictions imposed on Japanese Americans during World War 2

-Issue: Pledge of Allegiance, 1st Admentment
-Decision:The court found that a state law requiring students to pledge allegiance to the flag violated freedom of speeck and freedom of religion

-Helps returning veterans

-Issue: 1st Admendment, civil liberties, national security
-Decision:The Court ruled that the Smith Act, which prohibited advocation of the overthrow of the U.S. government by force and violence, did not violate the 1st Amendment

-School Segregation, 14th Amendment
-Supreme Court rules against it because it is unconstitutional

Issue: Legislative reapportionment, 14th Amendment
Supreme Court Decision: Ruled that Federal Court could protect citizens' political rights by directing the election-district boundaries by redrawing

-Protects rights of the accused; 5th, 6th, and 14th Amendment

-Issue: 1st Amendment freedom of the press
-Supreme Court Decision: It was ruled that prior restrain of the press could happen through limited censorship. The publication could harm the nation's security and it is the government's obligation to do censor the press.

-Supreme Court legalizes abortion

Issue: Students' rights, 4th and 14th amendments
Supreme Court Decision: School officials need only a reasonable suspicion to search students when they think that illegal activity might be happening

-Issue: 1st Amendment freedom of speech
-Decision:Ruled that desecrating the flag as an act of protest is an act of expression protected by the 1st Amendment

-Issue:"Right to die"
-Decision:Individual have the right to refuse medical treatment, but the State can preserve life unless there is "clear and convincing" evidence that the patient desires the withdrawal of medical treatment

-Issue:Abortion
-Decision: The Court upheld a woman's "liberty" to have an abortion but also allowed for restrictive state regulations as long as they did not create an "undue burden" or " substantial obstacle" for a woman.

-Issue: Election rules, 14th Admendment
-Decision:Following the controversial 2000 presidential election, the Supreme Court held that the Florida Supreme Cout's plan for recounting ballots was unconstitutional

-Issue:1st Admendment, 14th Amendment
-Decision:Ruled that a federal law providing funds for educational materials to public and private schools, including Catholic parochial schools, does not violate the 1st Admendment's Establishment Clause

-15 European nations partition Africa for "spheres of influence"
-Effects America because it effected trade between China and America (Open Door Policy)

-Cuba occupied by U.S. and released

-Starts

-Erupts in China
-Effects America because America wanted to be able to trade with China (Open Door Policy)

-Assassination of Austrian Archduke Ferdinand
-Effects America because they will enter the war later

-Begins in Europe in 1914
-Ends in 1918
-Germans got treated badly by the Treaty of Versailles
-Germans had to pay reparations to France and Britain

-Sunk by German u-boats
-Had American passengers on it
-Angered Americans

-United States senate rejects it

-U.S. enters

-Japanese bomb Hawaii
-Causes the U.S. to call war on Japan next day

-At Stalingrad
-Helps end World War 1. This effects America because France and Britain owe America reparations after the war and America can bring their soldiers home.

-Allied forces invaded(including American soldiers)

-Americans landed in France
-Invasion of the French beaches of Normandy

-U.S. drops bombs on Japan
-First bomb was dropped on Hiroshima
-Second bomb was dropped on Negasaki
-Caused Japan to drop out of the war
-U.S. sent General McAurthur into help restore order in Japan

-Starts
-Between United States and Soviet Union
-U.S. wanted to stop communism from spreading

• U.S. contains spread of communism

-China joins Russia instead of America in the Cold War.

-U.S. and Chine clash

-Aids French war effort in Indochina

-Established by Soviet Union

-Was built

-Crisis between the United States and the Soviet Union
-United States demands that no missiles be launched at Cuba
-Cuban Waters become blockaded

-Military coup ends this government in South Vietnam

-U.S. invades

-In Vietnam War ends

-Ends
-Berlin Wall falls

-U.S. leads coalition of forces in

-NATO forces restore oder in Bosnia
-WTO is created

Thomas Adams

Elijah Mcoy

Carl Linde

Alexander Graham Bell

George Eastman

Dr. John S Pemberton

Karl Benz

William Middlebrook

Wright Bros.

Binney @ Smith

Amadeo Giannini

Henry Ford

Charles Strite

William Potts

Philio T. Fansworth

Sam Foster

Ladislas & Georg Biro

Charles Darrow

Walt Disney

Charles Drew

Enrico Fermi

Howard Akien

John Van Wormer

Robert Alder

Arthuer Scarlow & Charles Townes

Reuben Klamer

Amar G Bose

Michael Hart

Vinton Cerf

Art Fry and Spence Silver

Richard Frenkiel and Joel Engel

John G. Knapp

Tim Berners-Lee

Ashok Gadgil

Sergey Brin and Larry Page

Jacob Dunnack

Tony Fadell

-method developed in the mid-1800s for making steel more efficiently
-Developed by Henry Bessemer
-Effects: skyscrapers, elevators, suspension bridge

-Publishes "On the Origin of Species"

-Publishes first book

-Works in stopping the Klam, temporarily. Klan strikes back,and Act is later declared unconstitutional.

-Wrote: Looking Through the Looking Glass

-Declared unconstitutional in the The Civil Rights Cases

-Patents Telephone

-Cause: response to cuts in workers' wages
-Effect: Set the scene for violent strikes to come

-Invents incandescent light

-Closed the door to new immigration from China

-Establishes a merit system for gov ' t jobs

-Administers successful rabies vaccination

-American Federation of Labor

-Occurs in Chicago

-Formed

-Opens Tuskegee Institute

-Opens Tuskegee Institute

-"Fred Ott's Sneeze"

-Grants citizenship to Native Americans by an application process

-Laws that segregate balcks and whites in the south

-Law banning any trust that restrained interstate trade or commerce
-Senate passed this

-Cause: wages cut without a decrease in the cost of living in the company town
-Effect: Employers used the courts to limit the influence of unions
-Check page 455 if anymore information is needed

-"The Time Machine"

-helps found National Consumers League

-"Interpretation of Dreams"

-Signed by President Roosevelt

-first airplane

-"The Sea Wof"

-proposes Special Theory of Relativity

-Congress passed all of these

-begins cubism with "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon"

-Begins selling Model T, first affordable car
-Also was credited with the invention of the assembly line

-Founded by W.E.B. Dubois
-National Association for Advancement of Colored People

-ballet "The Rite of Spring"

-directs "Birth of a Nation"

-proposes General Theory of Relativity

• determines sun is part of Milky Way galaxy

• wrote "Ulysses"

-wrote "The Waste Land"

-Schrodinger proposes this

-Flies the "Spirit of St. Louis" across the Alantic Ocean

-Major nations sign to ban war

-End of 1920s prosperity

-Wrote by William Faulkner

-FDR

-Scrutinizes reasons for U.S. involvement in World War 1

-Wrote by Hitchcock

-Developed by Dow Chemical

-Roosevelt condemns aggression

-Wrote by Ernest Hemingway

-Wrote by Jean-Paul Sartre

-Roberto Rosselini's
neorealist Open City

-Limits power of unions

-Truman proposed this to fight communism

-Bell Labs invented this

-breaks out in NYC

-Developed byKurchatov

-NATO stands for the North Alantic Treaty Organization

-The first postwar suburb, is built on Long Island

-DNA=double helix

-Television thrives; radio switches to music

-(U.S.)first nuclear submarine

-Salk developed it

-Begins in Montgomery

-Didn't move to back of bus for white man and got arrested for breaking Montgomery, Alabama laws

-Expands highway construction

-Combats Soviet influence in the MIddle East

-Wrote by Jack Kerouac

-Kennedy launches Apollo project

-Rachel Carson's
-Launches environmental movement

-Wrote by Michael Harrington
-Defines poverty in America

-Speaks at March on Washington (1963)
-assassinated (1968)

-Betty Friedan publishes it

-Wrote by Bob Dylan

-Is formed

-The Beatles

-Celebrates the counter-culture

• is banned

• Billy Friedkin

-OPEC oil embargo was the cause

-Nixon resigns

-Americans

-George Lucas

-Protesters seize U.S. embassy and hostages in Tehran

-Nuclear Disaster

-becomes common

-On first day of Reagaon's presidency
-In Iran

-Economy starts to recover from recession

-Signed by Reagan and Gorbachev
-Signed to elminate nuclear missiles

-World cable markets deregulated;
Hollywood gains world film market

-Steven Spielberg

• Internet expands with World Wide Web

-Win control of Congress

-NASA spacecraft

-2000s

• 2000s -Internet and cellphones

-Mathew Barney finishes it

-David Fincher