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Use Cases
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Resources
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Pricing
History of Mathematics in China
Rise & Fall
The Development of Mathematics
400 BC - 730 CE
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Three Century Interlude
730 CE - 1030 CE
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Zenith of Mathematics
1030 CE - 1300 CE
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Decline of Mathematics/Closed Door Policy
1300 CE - 1846 CE
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Intro of Western Mathematics
1592 CE - 1700 CE
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Pre-Modern
Numerical notation, arithmetical computations, counting rods
400 BC
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Calculations performed using small bamboo counting rods.Traditional decimal notation -- one symbol for each of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 100, 1000, and 10000. Ex. 2034 would be written with symbols for 2,1000,3,10,4, meaning 2 times 1000 plus 3 times 10 plus 4
A Book on Arithmetic (Suan Shu Shu)
180 BC
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A book of bamboo strips found in 1984 near Jiangling in Hubei province
The Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon & the Circular Paths of Heaven
100 BC
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Proof of the Pythagorean theorem
The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art (Jiu Zhang Suan Shu)
100 BC
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Collects mathematics to beginning of Han dynasty. 246 problems in 9 chapters. Longest surviving and most influential Chinese math book. Many subsequent commentaries.
Sun Zi's Mathematical Manual
250 CE
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Sun Zi wrote his mathematical manual which included the "Chinese Remainder Problem"
Sea Island Mathematical Manual
263 CE
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Liu Hui commentary on Ch 9 of the Nine Chapters. Includes nine surveying problems involving indirect observations. Approximates pi by approximating circles polygons; approximates pi as 3.141014
States principle of exhaustion for circles
Suggests Calvalieri's principle to find accurate volume of cylinder
Xiahou Yang's Mathematical Manual
350 CE
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Commentaries by Zu Chongzhi
450 CE
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Da ming li (Da Ming Calendar) (462)
Zhui shu (Method of Interpolation)
Jiuzhang shu yi zhu (Commentary on the Methods and Essence of the `Nine Chapters')
Chong cha zhu (Commentary on Double Differences)
Zhang Qiuijan's Mathematical Manual
450 CE
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Zu Geng's Method of Interpolation
500 CE
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Zhen Luan's Arithmetic in 5 Classics
566 CE
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Luan also wrote Mathematical Manual of the Five Government Departments and Memoir on Some Traditions of Mathematical Art.
Wang Xiatong's Continuation of Ancient Mathematics
625 CE
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Li Chunfeng edited the Ten Books of Mathematical Classics
664 CE
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This collection included the Jiuzhang suanshu (Nine Chapters of the Mathematical Art), Haidao suanjing (Sea Island Mathematical Manual), Sunzi suanjing (Master Sun's Mathematical Manual), Wucao suanjing (Mathematical Manual of the Five Government Departments), Wujing suanshu (Arithmetic in Five Classics), Zhang Qiujian suanjing (Zhang Qiujian's Mathematical Manual), Xiahou Yang suanjing (Xiahou Yang's Mathematical Manual), Zhui shu (Method of Interpolation), and Xugu suanjing (Continuation of Ancient Mathematics)
Liu Yi Discussion of Old Sources
1225 CE
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Qin Jiushao's Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections
1247 CE
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Li Zhi's Sea Mirror of Circle Measurements
1248 CE
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LI Zhi's New Steps in Computation
1259 CE
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Yang Hui's Detailed Analysis of Mathematical Methods in "Nine Chapters"
1261 CE
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Yang Hui's Computing Methods for Daily Use
1262 CE
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Yang Hui's Alpha and Omega Selection on the Applications of Arithmetical Methods
1274 CE
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Yang Hui's Methods of Computation
1274 CE
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Yang Hui's Practical Rules of Arithmetic for Surveying
1275 CE
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Zhu Shijie's Introduction to Mathematical Studies
1299 CE
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Zhu Zhijie"s Precious Mirror of the Four Elements
1303 CE
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Translation of Euclid's Elements first six books into Chinese
1607 CE
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Matteo Ricci and Xu Guangqi translated Euclid's Elements
Collected Basic Principles of Mathematics
1723 CE
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Supervised by Emperor Kang Xi (Aixinjueluo) (1654-1722), edited by Mei Juecheng, Chen Houyao, He Guozong, Ming Antu, Mei Wending, and others
Mei Wending's Commentaries
1761 CE
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In 1761, Mei Juecheng complied Mei Wending's written commentaries into the Mei shi congshu jiyao (Collected Works of the Mei Family). It included several works on mathematics: Bisuan (Pen Calculations), Chou suan (Napier's bones), Du suan shi li (Proportional Dividers), Shao guang shi yi (Supplement to `What Width'), Fang cheng lun (Theory of Rectangular Arrays), Gougu ju yu (Right-angled Triangles), Jihe tong jie (Explanations in Geometry), Ping san jiao ju yao (Elements of Plane Trigonometry), Fang yuan mi ji (Squares and Circles, Cubes and Spheres), Jihe bu bian (Supplement to Geometry), Hu san jiao ju yao (Elements of Spherical Trigonometry), Huan zhong shu chi (Geodesy), and Qiandu celiang (Surveying Solids).