Untitled timeline

-Ordos Desert
-Shang-di
-Bronze Age

-Extensive trade
-Unassuming elites
-Climate change led to eastward migration of monsoons
-Populations suddenly beyond carrying capacity

-Indra, Agni, Mitra
-Devi, Madhu (Sanskrit)

-Brahman (Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva)
-Devi/Shakti (Parvati)
-Ganesha
-Atman, karma, reincarnation

-Caste (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra, Dasa, Outcaste, Yogis)

-Middle Path
-Four Noble Truths
-Eightfold Path
-dharma, nirvana
-Hinayana, Mahayana
-the Buddha Amida and bodhisattvas
-Kwan Yin

-The Analects
-Shu
-Familial and State relationships

-Dao (Tao) Daoism
-Daodejing (Tao teaching)
to learn the "way" of the complimentary forces embedded in nature

-Friendship & goodness
-Educative role of women
-Tyrants to be opposed
-Tiananmen Square (1989)

-Humans are evil
-Humans must be restrained

-Silk Road
-Ziongnu (Huns?)

-Knossos, Crete
-Linear A writing
-trade (olives, grapes)
-borrowings from Phoenecia and Egypt

-Linear B
-Arete, aristos, aristoi, demos
-Mycenae, Athens, Pylos, Ithaca, Sparta
-remembered in the Illiad (700's BCE)
-raiding and trading
-Dorians and internal rebellion

-loss of literacy
-subsistence living
-Rise of Polis
-Remembered in Odyssey (from 700's BCE)

-Homer?
-overpopulation of Greece
-Sappho of Lesbos
-Birth of Philos & Sophia (Agape, Eros)

Athens
-350,000 people
-citizens, metics, slaves
-Assembly, Council of 500, 10 Generals (strategoi)
-Solon & Ostracism (late 500's)
-women's status varied with rank (Aspasia & Pericles)

Sparta
-citizens, perioeki, helots
-helots outnumbered citizens 10 to 1
-Council of Elders (including 2 kings), 5 Ephors, Assembly
-women manage helots, train as auxiliaries, short tunics

-Popular Culture & religiosity (Artemis)
-Medicine (Hippocrates 400's BCE)
-Historu: Herodotus (Prsian Wars) & Thucydides (Peloponnesian War) 400's BCE
-Plays: Comedy (Aristophanes, Lysistrata "The Clouds") & Tragedy (Euripides, The Trojan Women)

the Forms, Ideas, Ideals

-medicine

What is X?

-Nicomachaean Ethics (courage, prudence, temperance, justice)
-Politics (speech & politics)
-Monarch, aristocracy, polity
-Tyranny, oligarchy, democracy

& the Hellenistic World

-Latin tribes, Greeks, & Etruscans
-cultural influence of the Greeks & Etruscans after 800 BCE

CULTURE
-Paterfamilias, Patrician, Patria
-Equestrians & Plebians
-Virtus & Concordia
-All adds up to Res + Publicum (Republic)
-Assembly, Senate, consuls

-Election of two, later ten tribunes
-The Twelve Tables
-Plebians & Equestrians gain access to all public offices

-expansion of Territory (wealth & luxury)

-taxation becomes the special burden of the provinces

-patrons & clients (parasites in comedies)
-Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus
-Marius & Sulla
-Stoicism & Epicureanism
-Marcus Tullius Cicero (Stoicism)
-Lucretius (Epicureanism)
-Spartacus
-The Changing Role of Women

The First Triumvirate (Pompey, Crassus, & Caesar)

-Mark Antony & Cleopatra VII
-Marcus Agrippa

-significance of temple (Ashera as consort of Yahweh)

Two Kingdoms:
-Israel (Samaria) & Judah (w/ Benjamin, Jerusalem)

-Elija, Jezebel

(TEN LOST TRIBES)

-Zoroastrianism (Ahura Mazda vs. Ahriman Diva)
-Ezra * Nehemiah (2nd Temple)
-After the 300's BCE, Macedonians and Greeks (Seleucids_
-Pompey (1st century BCE) & Maccabees

PHARISEES, SADDUCEES, ESSENES, ZEALOTS
-Torah, Talmud, & Rabbi Hillel

-Platonism (Septuagint, Alexandria)

-Mark > Matthew & Luke
-Sayings Gospel Q (quelle) > Matthew & Luke
-John (Johannine Literature, closer to 100 AD/CE)
-Kingdom of Heaven
-Messiah/ Son of Man
-Special Option for the poor
-Roman concerns (letter of James)

-No "one" Christianity

Gnostics (Mary Magdalene, Thomas, Judas Iscariot)
-spiritual God * demiurge
-matter as corrupt

Pauline Christianity
-Saul of Tarsus
-Spirit and flesh
-Jesus, man, & God

(Nicene Creed)

Emperor Theodosius declares Christianity the official religion of the Empire

BYZANTIUM (THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE)
-Eastern Orthodox Tradition

-conversion of the Slavs

-Visigoths & Ostrogoths
-Vandals, Franks, Angles, Sazons
-Ziongnu (Huns)
-The Silk Road

-Desert Tribes
-Contact w/ Rome: Petra
-Allah
-Allat, Manat, Al-Uzza
-Mecca & Medina
-The Kaaba

-marries Khadija (daughter Fatima)
-Gibreel and the Quran
-Five Pillars of Islam
-Abu Bakr, Omar, Ali, Ayesha

HADITH

"Seal of the Prophets"

-Sunni/Shiite split

-from Damasus to Baghdad
-trade & the Silk Road

BAGHDAD & CLASSICAL ISLAM
-lanteen sails, compass astrolabe
-numerals from India (Arabic Numerals)
-Haroun al Rashid
-Rabia al Adawiyya & Sufism

-Sinbad
-Ali Baba and Morgiana
-Sheherazad

-"The Incoherence of the Philosophers"

Internal Dissension
-By 1000, caliphs in Cordoba (Al-Andalus) & Cairo
-progression of Suni/Shiite/Sufi differences

-Seljuqs/Saljuks
-Mamelukes
-sultan

-Ana Comnena

THE MONGOLS
Temujin (Chinggis Khan or Genhis Khan)
-Pastoral nomadism

Richard the Lion Hearted, Frederick Barbarossa, Philip Augustus

THE REPUBLIC OF VENICE

Ohedei Khan

RUSSIA
Alexander Nevsky of Novhorod, Kiev

Chabi

"GUNPOWDER EMPIRE"

-reduced world population estimated 450 million to between 350-375 million in 14th century
-traveled the silk road from China or central Asia in 1346
-rat fleas on black rats carrying bacterium (Yersinia pestis)

-northern hemisphere experiences about 1 degree celsius drop compared to 20th century
-bad harvests and bread riots
-witchcraft accusations

-Confucianism
-Court eunuchs
-Islam in China

Reached Africa

BENIN
-Ethnically Edo
-Founded by Ewuare (1400s)
-horses used ceremonially by the nobility

-Mehmet the Conqueror
-Sufi Islam
-Gunpowder Empires

Renaissance Italy
-Republic of Venice
-Senate
-Gentile Bellini

-calvary & infantry (spears, axes, swords)