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Use Cases
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Resources
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Pricing
3500 B.C. - 2000 B.C.
% complete
Fertile Cresent-asyrians/babylonians/sumerians-waring city states
writing
polytheism
3500 bc - 1750 ce
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3100 BCE - 2686 BCE
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Nubia
Kush
polytheism
writing
3000 BCE - 1100 CE
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3000 bce-1000 bce-along rivers
increases after 1000 because of iron
language
2500 BCE - present
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africa
2500 BC - 600 CE
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silk roads-5000 miles
China to Med. Sea
2300 BCE - 1750 BCE
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city on grid
written language, but not decipherable
evidence of trade with Mesopotamia
2000 BCE - present
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China
1800 BC - present
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Middle East
1600 BCE - 1100 BCE
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oracle bones
family-ancestors
bronze
1500 BC - present
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India
1500 BC - 400 BC
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stone heads
quipa
1500 BCE - 500 BCE
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Hindu Vedas-->Vedic--> Hinduism
1499 BCE - 322 BCE
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caste system
1046 BCE - 256 BCE
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Confucianism-five classics
mandate of heaven
Daoism
iron weapons
900 BC - 200 BC
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llama
mita
roads/bridges
900 BC - 30 BC
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centralized
600 BCE
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600 BCE - present
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India
500 bc - present
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China
500 BC - 300 BCE
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Zoorastrianism
roads
localized
Judaism
Cyrus the Great
321 BCE - 185 BCE
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Ashoka-buddhism
Buddhism
fell because of invasions
Hinduism dominates life-CASTE system
regionalism
decentralized
location=key (susceptible to invasions and trade with Romans/China)
221 BC - 206 BC
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Great Wall of China
legalism
Confucianism
writing
206 BCE - 220 CE
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Confucianism/bureacracy-civil service exams
paper, gunpowder, iron
Daoism
silk road (trade)
buddhism
200 BCE - 800 CE
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200 BCE - present
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Japan
27 BCE - 476 AD
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centralized
East becomes Byzantine
West become Holy Roman Empire
30 CE - present
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Middle East
introduced to Africa during 1450-1750
CAtholism is key in Europe during 600-1450
300 - 900
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calendar
maize
320 ce - 550 ce
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law code
fell because of invasions
Hinduism dominates life-CASTE system
regionalism
decentralized
location=key (susceptible to invasions and trade with Romans/China)
330 - 1453
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absolutism
Justinian
Great Schism
law codes
Constantinople
bureacracy
Hagia Sofia
581 - 618
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Grand canal
reunited China
great wall bigger
forced labor
buddhism
authoritarian-bureacracy
600 CE
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600 - 1450
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West Hemi: isolation (regionalism)
East Hemi: Silk Road (buddhism)/sub-saharan/trans-saharan (islam)/Indian Ocean (buddhism)
Bantu Migrations-west africa to SE-swahili trading cities
Ibn Battuta
Marco Polo
Zeng He
610 - present
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Middle East
Sunni vs Shia
introduced to Africa during 600-1450--> mix with African culture
618 CE - 907 CE
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equal field system
tributary states
civil service exams
military-expansion
buddism (pre wu-growing) (post wu-backlash)
junks
661 - 750
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theocracy
Indian Ocean
largest non-contiguous empire in history
Suni
700 - 1400
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from Bantu Migrations
decline because of Portugal-disrupt-cut off from trade--> Indian Ocean=hostile
710 - 794
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tributary state of China---increased contact with China---Taika reforms
increased contact with China---increase in Buddhism
Godas
language (mix with Chinese characters)
750 CE - 1258 CE
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theocracy
Shi
house of wisdom
intellectual advancements
Crusades
Indian Ocean
Mongols
800 - 1868
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Emperor (just figurehead)
Shogunate
Daimos
Samarai
peasants
830 - 1235
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882 CE - 1240 CE
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Rurik (founder)
decentralized
influenced by Byzantine
trade with Byzantine
Expansionists-->fighting
fall to Mongols
Vladamir introduces Christianity in 900s-Russian Orthodoxy
960 - 1279
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not military concentrated-large bureacracy
footbinding
Buddhism
gentry class
Neo-Confucianism
technology-moveable type, weapons, naval
urbanization
1095 - 1291
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Middle East-contact with west
1200 AD - 1521 AD
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Sun God
human sacrifice
militaristic
tribute
maize
written language
long distance trade/merchants
Tenochtitlan
chimampas
1200 - 1500
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Quecha (only spoken)
Mita
split inheritance
roads
UNIFICATION
terrace irrigation
Sun God
militaristic-expansion
no long distance trade
1206 - 1526
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hinduism
1206 - 1440
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1230 AD - 1400 AD
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Mansa Musa
1240 - 1400
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isolation
princes paid tribute to mongols (vassal state-->feudalism)
1279 - 1368
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Mongols
silk road revived
no civil service exams-no gentry class
merchants increase
1300 - 1500
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info from crusades --> Abbasids (House of Wisdom)
1347 - 1351
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ended European feudalism
killed 1/3 Europe population
1350 - 1918
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Sunni
every country in ME, except Iran
absolute
gunpowder empire
art and architecture
rival with Safavid
Tanzimat reforms (1860s-westernization)
decline-nationalism/wwi/over extension
fall leads to development of nation states (persia becomes Iran)--> land under control of league of nations (mainly England and France)
1368 CE - 1644 CE
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silver trade
trade
insulation
civil service exams
Zeng He-expeditions
expeditions in beginning but then stop
1370 - 1405
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Mongols in India (but not really in India, just took some land)
1400 - 1600
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Jesuits-tried to convert
1400 - 1600
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1450
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1450 - 1600
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Europe colonizing
1450 - 1750
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CONTEXT-exploration
Spain/Portugal
Columbian Exchange --> PERSIAN changed
Atlantic slave trade
encomienda system
viceroy
silver trade-exploited
not on own terms
less political independence
forced to convert to Christianity
natives at bottom of social ladder
1450 - 1860
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1450 - 1750
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Columbian Exchange
atlantic slave trade
silver
world becomes connected
migration (forced and on own)
British East India Company
trade increases for China (opium)
major colonization
1450 - 1917
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Ivan IV
Ivan III
feudalism!!!!!
expansion!!!
Peter the Great
Catherine the Great
absolute
1860-1917: attempting to industrialize (railroads), but never full blown capitalists/still largely agricultural
Crimean War (1850s)
1468 - 1591
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replaces Mali
1500 - 1807
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European justification: social Darwinism/white man's burden/ civilizing the savages
led to abolishment of slavery (last-1888 Brazil)
abolishment of slavery led to indentured servants
population does not really change
role of women does-less men(b/c men taken as slaves) leads to polygamy
1500 - 1600
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new crops to Africa (corn, peanuts, potatoes)
diseases to North America
gun/slave cycle in Africa-violence increases
From Old World: Sugar cane, bananas, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, syphilis, beans, rice, measles, wheat, small pox
From New World: coffee, pineapple, tomato, yellow fever, squash, tobacco, potatoes, turkey, corn
Europe demographics-Increase-more money, better living conditions, middle class grows
Europe economics-$-gain markets
-gain colonies
-gain resources
Europe politics-wil change
Latin American demographics-Decrease (native)-disease
migration(forced and choice) and slaves
Mixed race (new)
LA politics-Loss of political independence
LA economics-Part of global economy
Loss of economic independence
African demographics-Not drastic increase/decrease
Obvious change with men:women-men being sent away to Latin America
African politics-will change
African economics-Increase
slave trade
1500 - 1700
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questioning Catholic Church and ideas
Copernicus-heliocentrism
Galileo
Louis XIV-total control
Bacon
Descartes
Newton
1501 - 1722
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Shia
present day Iran
absolute
rival with ottoman
Gunpowder empire
art and architecture
religion is politics-islam
1517 - 1648
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Martin Luther
1550 - 1757
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Gunpowder empire
Babur (founder)
Akbar
muslims rule in India
urbanization
continuation of Delhi Sultanate (Muslim empire)
Increased trade
Taj MAhal-art and architecture
British East India company monopoly
1571
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SILVER
1600 - 1750
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total control
1603 - 1868
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strengthened feudalism= strengthened shogunate
isolation (after contact with Jesuits)
1644 - 1912
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Opium Wars
imperialism
Treaty of Nanjing
Self-strengthening movement
population growth
boxer rebellion
Taiping rebellion
1685 - 1815
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philosophes began to question society
believe that church, economic and social systems could be improved
equality
freedom
toleration
education
Voltaire
Beccaria
Rousseau
Smith
Diderot
1688
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James II-had san and daughter->parliament asked Mary and husband (William) to take out James->James leaves to France
debating if should go to parliamentary government
John Locke-tabula rasa
1750
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1750 - 1900
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African tribal lines ignored
Berlin Conference
Belgium
England
France
Italy
Netherlands
Germany
Africa/Europe
Scramble for Africa
context: industrial rev/need for resources because Latin American freed
Europe has new weapons to conquer (b/c of industrialization)
Australia (Aborigine)/New Zeland (Maori)/Canada (Iroquois)
-all white settler colonies
-enviornmentally friendly to Europeans
-all places had natives
-all eventually colonized by England
-natives killed by disease and warfare
-Austr-first settled as penel colony
-NZ-natives resist
1750 - 1900
% complete
Context-enlightenment
independence!!!
Haiti-first
causes-nationalism and inspired by revolutions in Europe
Goals-social equality, economic and political independence, economic reform
Outcomes-economic distress and military regimes and dictatorships
Mexico-Spanish
Brazil-Portuguese
Haiti-slave revolt
1750 - 1900
% complete
Increase contact
China's door blown open
Japan's doors open
end slave trade/slavery
Migration of indentured servants
1760 - 1840
% complete
massive transformation
water power
steam power
electricity
more urbanization
transformation of society- suburbs grow; jobs; over crowded; bad working and living condotions; crime- police and fire departments; governments had to regulate; disease
economic changes- steady growth of economy; goods being mass produced
started in England
capitalism grows
Socialism and Marxism
1789 - 1799
% complete
political revolution led by middle class against own government
conservatism
liberalism
nationalism
3rd estate-fed up with over taxation
1799 - 1815
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turns France into an empire
tries to conquer all of Europe-->down fall
ideas from enlightenment and french revolution-taxes=equitable; one law code for all people; no feudalism
1814 - 1815
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undid all of Napolean's conquered places (outside of France)
Concert of Europe- check on nationalism; keeps peace for 40 years; concerned with balance of power; set up alliance within Europe; says the countries will act in concert to prevent another revolution and another Napoleanic era
1853 - 1856
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broke concert of Europe-only France and England really step up
Russians invade ottomans b/c they wanted a warm water port
Russians lost-wake up call
1853
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arrived in Tokyo Bay-1953
Treaty of Kanagawa-ssured the good treatment of shipwrecked U.S. seamen, permitted U.S. ships to fuel and supply at two Japanese ports, and arranged for a U.S. diplomat to reside in Japan to further trade relations
OPENED UP JAPAN
1857
% complete
given guns that had been processed from animals-against religion-angered them-revolted
huge failure
1858 - 1947
% complete
colonization of India by England (British East India Company)
1868 - 1912
% complete
Westernization, but keep culture through education
military: based on Germany
feudalism ends
rapid industrialization
open up to trade
government goes from feudal to more democratic
1885
% complete
founded date
1900
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1900 - present
% complete
increase contact
globalization
1908
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for reforms/modernization but want to keep culture
1914 - 1918
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mother countries used colonies for supplies/soldiers
Long term causes: 1870-1914
Great Britain
Domestic issue: keep industrializing, colonizing, improving military-#1in all
International: balance of power in Europe
Germany
Domestic: trying to catch up with England; Von Bismark
Foreign: worries about France (France lost Alsace and Lorraine to Germany) → The Alliance System
France
Domestic: government (causes social division)
Foreign: Germany-want revenge
Russia
Domestic: large army, not supplied; large size; just a mess!
Foreign: want warm water ports
Austria-Hungary
Domestic/Foreign: nationalism-large and diverse
Causes:
The Alliance System
Triple Entente (allied)
England
France
Russia
Triple Alliance (central)
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Italy-switches sides
Ottomans
Militarism and Arms Race
Intro to chemical gases
Economic and Imperial Rivalries
Aggressive Nationalism
Take military action to achieve a goal
pan-Slavism: the Balkans, 1914
Countdown to War
First Moroccan Crisis-1905
France got it in Berlin Conference, but Germany wants
Germany sent warships to MOrocco → France freaks out and goes to ally of England → Eng threatens Germany → Germany backs down
Annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina-1908
Serbs live here; annexed by Austria-Hungary
Serbia now hates Austria-Hungary
Serbia allies with Russia
Second Moroccan Crisis-1911
Germany tries again (just like first one)
The Spark-assassination of archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife
Heir to Austrian empire
Sent to Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo)
The Black Hand
Serbian nationalist group
Came to Bosnia to kill
Gavrilo Princip-shooter
Austria-Hungary goes to ally Germany
Germany gives them a blank check
AH gives Serbia an ultimatum → Serbia says no → AH declares war on Serbia
The War
Italian Front
Eastern Front
Russia keeps losing
Western Front
Trenches
From 1914-begin of 1918-long drawn out bloody stalemate
Technology
America
November 11, 1918-Germany surrenders
Treaty of Versailles @ Paris Peace Conference-supposed to support peace
November 1917
% complete
Russia turns communist
1922 - 1991
% complete
Cold War
Bolshevik Revolution led to this
Gorbachev (glasnost and perestroika)
Soviet-Afghan War
Satellite countries pull away
nationalize everything
collectivization of agriculture
5 years plan
Lenin
Stalin
communist
1939 - 1945
% complete
mother countries used colonies for supplies/soldiers
Road to War
-Hitler from 1933 to 1935
--wants to expand Germany’s borders (Lebensraum) → to do this build up military (against treaty of versailles → League of Nations does not react (wanted to avoid war; thought Hitler’s goal was limited to just Germany; thought decisions made after wwi were too harsh) → policy of appeasement
-Mussolini
--1936: Italy gets revenge on Ethiopia → this invasion caused Hitler to approach Mussolini and form Rome-Berlin axis
-1938-1939
--Hitler invades and annexes Austria (France and England gear up for war, but still practicing appeasement)
--Hitler invades Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland) (Munich Pact- last appeasement)
--Germany takes over Czechoslovakia
--Nazi-Soviet Pact
--Germany invades Poland--starts war!!!
1945 - 1965
% complete
@ independence-little investment made in humans-led to problems at independence
Process
-high crop yields sustained by colonial rules
-reduction of wartime and famine
-limited industrialization
-state measure to promote family planning and birth control
-neocolonial economy: global economy dominated by industrialized nations
Issues afterwards
-caused large population growth in Niger (still continues to grow)
-death rates decline and birth rates rise (pop of Nigeria will grow to equal China’s today)
-not enough factories to employ population
-educated classes used position to benefit themselves at the expense of the rest of society
-lack sufficient resources and educated personnel to promote programs (high illiteracy rates especially among women → women dominated by male family members--likely to be less well fed, educated, and healthy)
1947 - 1991
% complete
Roots
-Russian Revolution-turning communist
Russia Not invited to Paris peace conference (lose a lot)
-WWII
Allies did not trust Russia (did not tell about atomic bomb)
-USA refused to recognize legitmacy of government until 1933
-USA did not trust
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Great Purges
-A race for world influence
-Lack of trust → a real fear
USA thought USSR was going to spread its ideology
USSR thought USA and allies was going to invade
-ideologies did not agree
-USA foreign policy: containment
-brinkmanship
Mutually Assured Destruction
Germany-still divided-Berlin Airlift
-Space Race-USSR is better than US
-Nuclear Arms Race
Vietnam
-Ho Chi Minh (communist and nationalist)
-French Indochina War-result: divided at 17th parallel → South-Ngo Dinh Diem (“democratic”) and North-Ho Chi Minh (communists)
-Vietnam War
-Vietcong
-Vietminh (Ho Chi’s forces)
1947
% complete
Gandhi
1947
% complete
India split into Pakistan
Muslim/Hindu conflict
1948 - 1994
% complete
South Africa
1948
% complete
Balfour Declaration
1949 - present
% complete
Mao Zedong
cultural revolution (1966-1976)
Great Leap forward-1958
Red Guard
Deng Xiaoping-open up China's borders-->Western investment into country-->only benefits elite
Tiananmen Square
January 1978 - February 1979
% complete
move to theocracy
present
% complete