Anti-Miscegenation Laws

This court case solidified two regulations: 1) "A marriage between a white man and a woman who is of less than 1/4 of negro blood, however small this lesser quantity may be, is legal 2) A woman whose father was white and whose mother's father was white, and whose great-grandmother was of brown complexion, is not a negro in a sense of the statute"

The Supreme Court Case ruled the cohabitation between two unmarried people of the opposite sex and of different races (i.e. white and black)

This Supreme Court Case decided, "If any white person and any negro, or the descendant of any negro to the third generation, inclusive, though one ancestor of each generation was a white person, intermarry or live in adultery or fornication with each other, each of them must, on conviction, be imprisoned in the penitentiary or sentenced to hard labor for the county for not less than two nor more than seven years"

This case, settled the Georgia II Code stating marriage relations between a white and person of African descent was forever prohibited and officially declared null and void

This Act prohibited "voluntary sexual relations for the purposme of gain between white women and Africans". If caught, the women could recieve a maximum of 5 years of labor, while the man could recieve up to 25 beatings

The Racial Integrity Act was used to "preserve the white race and protect it from racial mixtures". The Act focused on birth and death certificates to identify the race of an individual. This Act also enacted the "one-drop" rule. This meant if an individual had "one-drop" of African- American or Native American blood, than that individual would be considered that race

The Racial Sterilization Act was created to control the breeding of the human race in an attempt to produce ideal members of society. During its implementation, the law was used to sterilized women who had a chance of producing children with birth defects. Sadly, outside of the law, the Act was used to sterilize mized African and German women from reproducing

In 1948, Los Angeles couple, Sylvesster Davis ( African American) and Andrea Perez (Mexican Decent) applied for a marriage liscense to later be rejected because (during that time period) Mexicans were classified and it was prohibited for whites and blacks to be married. Instead of going to another state to be married, Perez contested the denial and took her case to the Supreme Court. The Court ruled that the denial of marriage based off race alone was unconstitutional and went against parts of the 14th Amendment

The first of many Apartheid regulations that worked to separate races. The Prohibition of Mixed Marriage prohited the marriage between a white person and a non-white

This act, passed by President Johnson, "prohibited discrimination in public places, provided the integration of schools and public facilities, made employment discrimination illegal, and enforced the constitutionl right to vote"

Mildred and Richard Loving, an interratial couple from the Virginia, travelled to Washington D.C. to wed. After returning home to Virginia, the police were notified of there marriage causing both to recieve jail time. In an effort to suspend their jail sentence, the Lovings agree to leave Virginia "and not return fro 25 years". While away, the couple contested their sentencing, ultimately taking the case to the Supreme Court. In an unanimous decision, the Court ruled that the state's miscegenation laws were deemed unconstitutional and that it openly violated parts of the 14th Amendment

After the Loving v. Virginia Supreme Court case, there was an increase from 3% (1967) to 17% (2015) of intermarriages

A Supreme Court case that challenged a Minnesota ruling that "gay couples have no constitutional right to marry"

A federal law that denies feseral recognition of same-sex marriages and permits states to refuse the recognition of same-sex marriages liscenses

This act changed the previous definitions of a "wife" or "husband" (signaling that marriage was solely between a man and a women) to "spouse", thus leaving the termonology gender neutral and allowing same-sex couples to marry