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alliance between France and USA. was made when France was under monarchial rule. had a military alliance

when the people of France fought back and wanted a republican rule instead of a monarchy.
Federalists: didn't like it, thought they were unstable and was unsafe to support
Republicans: should support them because they want a democratic rule, which is what we wanted. also bc we had a treaty w them. also they helped us in the american revolution and we should return the favor
washington took a middle position, cautious optimism

caused orders in council

happened because France opened ports in the Caribbean to US shippers
by 1794- britain seized over 300 US ships, impressment, also refused to abandon forts in the northwest even though Treaty of Paris said they must
also, they gave native americans weapons to fight them

france declared war on britain

jefferson said we must oblige to the military alliance of 1778 since it was between the people of the nations, and nothing says that the french were dangerous yet

hamilton said the alliance was void because it was made witht he previous government, and the new french gov't was unstable

french minister Edward Genet comes to the usa and rallies support for the new french republic on his journey from south carolina to pennsylvania
hamilton wanted him to leave bc recognizing him would imply recognition of the new government in France
jefferson favored receiving Genet and recognizing the new gov't

set precedent: US must recognize foreign leaders

Washington was neutral about the two countries

caused by french revolution

created the neutrality proclamation so they can pursue relations that were friendly and impartial. neutrality!!

gave president the right to proclaim neutrality, but cannot enforce it. legislative branch must sign off to enforce it

french were mad about jay treaty, saw it as an alliance
french seized american ships
xyz affair happened. ouch

adams send charles pickney, john marchall, and elbridge gerry to france to negotiate a settlement
foreign minister Charles Talleyrand sent three mysterious emissaries to demand 250k before he would recognize the men
usa refused
called the XYZ affair bc the three frenchmen who are not named

usa was outraged, many wanted war
adams said no war
caused quazi war tho

adams refused war even tho the ppl wanted it

undeclared war, but lots of hostility.
us seized french ships, french seized us ships
us received British support

showed how the president can wage war without congress declaring war

france doesn't have to pay for ships seized
military alliance of 1778 was void

napoleon bonaparte got spain to give back territory
napoleon wanted it to get money for his new colonies in the caribbean
-jefferson feared this would force a british alliance bc close territory could cause tension/ fighting over land, also they were using new orleans port

gave it up bc lost haiti due to a rebellion and lost hope for colonies in the new world

-france= ordered Europe to stop buying British goods
-Britain= all ships carrying trade for the continent must stop in Britain to be searched for war materials
-France= all ships stopped in Britain were liable to seizure
-Britain= continued impressment

not good for usa :(

constant fights between the two :((

reversed non-intercourse act

the first belligerent nation to agreed to cease its interference w US trade would be rewarded by an embargo on the remaining belligerent

France agreed, the US discontinued trade w GB

gb gave western land rights to the US bc GB had forts in the NW

happened because France opened ports in the Caribbean to US shippers
by 1794- britain seized over 300 US ships, impressment, also refused to abandon forts in the northwest even though Treaty of Paris said they must
also, they gave native americans weapons to fight them

france declared war on britain

jefferson said we must oblige to the military alliance of 1778 since it was between the people of the nations, and nothing says that the french were dangerous yet

hamilton said the alliance was void because it was made witht he previous government, and the new french gov't was unstable

Washington was neutral about the two countries

created the neutrality proclamation so they can pursue relations that were friendly and impartial. neutrality!!

gave president the right to proclaim neutrality, but cannot enforce it. legislative branch must sign off to enforce it

washington sent John Jay (chief justice) to britain to negotiate settlement
very controversial because what it accomplished and what it missed

-british evacuated northwest, but we had to pay them
-gained limited access to west indies
-british continues fur trade with native americans
-didn't address impressment

DR saw it as a federalist surrender to the British
HOR tried to negotiate the treaty, but they couldn't because only the Senate and the executive can negotiate treaties

caused some to not like the british for not addressing this, since this let to more violation of neutral trading rights and impressment. - war 1812

french were mad about jay treaty, saw it as an alliance
french seized american ships

caused by french and british war

-france= ordered Europe to stop buying British goods
-Britain= all ships carrying trade for the continent must stop in Britain to be searched for war materials
-France= all ships stopped in Britain were liable to seizure
-Britain= continues impressment

not good for usa :(

(btw- what france did was called the berlin decree)

was repealed before war of 1812, but usa didn't know that so they declared war

constant fights between the two :((

HMS Leopard stopped the US navel vessel the U.S. Chesapeake
captain refused to have the british search for deserters from the british navy
british opened fire, killing 3 and wounding 18
this attack called for war, but jefferson said no

tried to get the british to apologize
they claimed responsibility but refused to bend on the question of impressment

turned to an economical approach called a peaceful coercion- getting other countries to do things by threatening to stop trade

made Embargo Act of 1807- stopped all foreign trade

hurt us WAY more than it hurt them.
thousands were put out of work and everyone was mad

repealed in 1809

helped start american system

made to sooth US-british tension, signed by congress
wasn't signed by jefferson becuase it didn't address impressment and he didn't like Britain
britain was like wtf why did u decline

forbade all trade with only GB and france instead of all of europe. smuggling became common

was repealed by the macon's bill #2
how long did it last

britain must stop searching US ships for war materials if they stop trading with France
britain declined

(fake date to keep order in tl)

war hawks- henry clay, john c calhoun, felix grundy
-wanted war w GB
also gb gave NA weapons to fight us with in the battle of tippecanoe

how they prepared for war:
-passed bills to outfit the army and the navy
-taxation increased to expand military
-cleared the ocean of US ships

reversed non-intercourse act

the first belligerent nation to agreed to cease its interference w US trade would be rewarded by an embargo on the remaining belligerent

France agreed, the US discontinued trade w GB

british ordered a blockade across the east coast, blocked us ships in, hard to trade with europe
(during war of 1812)

madison delcared war on Britain cause he though he was trying to weaken the American economy
also was against native american alliances with britain
war hawks were for the war.

war in canada
-military was unprepared, under-equipped, inexperienced, incompetent
-americans lost a lot, british took detroit
-later in the war americans started winning, took back detriot

war at sea
-us navy was small but strong, won a solid amount
-1812- british orderd a blockade across the east coast, ships were blocked in

bc US won battle of yorks, british were salty and burned down the white house, capital, and other buildings
also done bc we hired ppl to harass us ships since they were blocking out trade
madison and others had to flee
(during war of 1812)

good relations!!
shared political and economic interests
Britain supported and enforced monroe doctrine
Britain began to respect usa, didn't impress, didn't interfere with our trade
"special relationship"

declared end to fighting!
didn't mention impressment or rights of neutral ships
but they stops doing that anyway bc alliance

andrew jackson led huge battle where they killed many british troops, and only few US troops died. huge victory! even though the treaty of ghent was already signed lol

contributed to era of good feelings

aka Ohio War, Little Turtle's War
btw confederation of indian tribes and the US
ended w treaty of greenville

NA wanted land rights and a say
so, tribe Little Turtle fought them in ohio and won

gw instructs troops to fight NA

Wayne defeated the Miami Confederacy (NA) at the Battle of Fallen Timbers, ended the NA resistance

NA gave up most of land in Ohio in exchange for goods and annual pay (not fair trade)
ended northwast american war
pushed NA west
written in english
they had upper hand cause they just won the battle

william henry harrison got 3 NA leaders drunk and had them sign away 3 million acres of land
Shawnee chief Tecumseh formed a confederacy to resist westward expansion
NA lost battle
weapons were abandoned by NA, usa found out they were from canada (britain)
started war hawks
helped war of 1812 cause we were mad at brits for helping NA

shawnee leader was killed
(during war of 1812)

fought NA for land rights, led by Andrew Jackson
(during war of 1812

spain signed a treaty w GB and USA saying that GB and USA won't take Louisiana territory
made by Thomas Pinckney - US minister to GB
also Spain had to give up all land east of the mississippi
USA can use mississippi to travel on

aka transcontinental treaty
US got Florida
spain was declining, and now bc of the new usa british alliance, they just gave it up bc couldn't afford war

Adams appoints a bunch of federalists to the supreme court the day before his presidency ends
next day, not all of them are sent out, madison doesn't send out the rest of the appointments
maubury was appointed, wants his appointment, goes to court about it
marbury wants to issue a writ of mandamus - court will force madison to send out appointment
end: writ of mandamus (part of the Judiciary Act od 1789) was unconstitutional, repealed it, set precedent of supreme court having power.
started judicial review!
loss for feds bc couldn't force appointments, but in the long run was a win because fed supreme court now has lots of power

Georgia sold land by contract, then they tried to take it back.
couldn't because states can't interfere with contract.
protected property rights

king george granted a charter in the US
state wanted to override the charter, couldn't bc states can't override contracts
safeguards property rights for cooperations

second national bank was put in maryland, maryland didn't want it
maryland taxed it heavily to get rid of it
stopped them because supreme court thought taxing it heavily was the same as trying to get rid of it
us needed it, so they said w the necessary and proper clause and the supremacy clause that they can stop them, so they did
improved central gov't supremacy

criminal case, supreme court overruled case in a state court
increased supremacy in fed gov't

gibbons got a federal license to use his steamboat
ogden got a license from new york
ogden wanted to be the only one
ogden lost, gibbons still got to use his license
congress has supreme power over regulating interstate trade

Absolute Monarchy: one monarch has absolute power among the ppl, unrestricted power
-pro: no battle for power, little political view disagreement
-con: monarch can get corrupt, no one keeps the monarch in check, people don't have say

Constitutional Monarchy: one monarch acts as the head of the state within a constitution. there are other leaders as well
-pro: monarch can't get as corrupt bc constitution, no battle for power, little political view disagreement
-con: no one can keep the monarch in check, ppl don't have say

Direct Democracy: when people decide (vote) on policy directly
-pro: everyone has a say, equality
-cons: bad opinions may become to widespread and hurt the gov't

Representative Democracy/Republic: elects officials to represent a group of people
-pro: ppl can choose who makes their decisions
-con: not everyone has a say in everything
(what's the difference)

Confederal: state gov't has most power over the national
-pro: different values for different states are valued more
-con: not as united

Federal: power is balanced between the states and national gov't
-pro: more balanced power
-con: disagreement btw powers

Unitary: national gov't had most power over state
-pro: country is united
-con: states are not accommodated to their needs

they influenced the way our constitutions were made

Plato
-believed in an aristocracy (small group of elite rules)
-power is in the hands of the small ruling class
-rep democracy

John Locke
-natural rights can never be taken away
-spoke out for freedom of thought, speech, religion, and property
-king did not hold absolute power bc natural rights
-liked rep democracy (only fit ppl have a say) and constitutional democracy

Thomas Hobbes
-thought ppl were selfish/wicked
-gov't was made to protect the ppl from their own evil
-democracy would never work
-absolute monarchy

Montesquieu
-seperation of powers theory
-gov't that was elected is best
-three groups of officials
-did not believe everyone was equal
-rep democracy

Voltaire
-liberal, free society
-despised religious intolerance
-believed in empiricism
-individual rights and personal liberties
-direct democracy

Rousseau
-defended social contract
-gov't should be responsible for supplying the ppl with freedom and happiness
-equality
-gov't acts on general will of society
-direct democracy

Beccaria
-helped reform the criminal law system
-against unjust and inhumain suffering/punishments
-opposed death penalty
-rep democracy