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Use Cases
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Resources
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Pricing
Common Era
Lecture 10 - onwards
Common Era
Lecture 10 - onwards
0 AD - 1800
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1300
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1800 - Present
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1850
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200 AD - 800 AD
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400 - 900
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Brooke: The Dark Ages, AD 400-900
- Floods, Asian monsoons
- Sporadic ENSO pattern
- ITCZ shifted south, dropping northern temps
- Ice rafting in N Atlantic bracketed dark ages
536 AD - 650 AD
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536 AD
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Volcanoes and maybe meteor cooled world in 536 CE
950 - 1250
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General
- Persistent La Nina
- Positive NAO (warmer, wetter Europe)
- MWP did NOT lead to warmer temps everywhere at once - ex) China
1300 - 1850
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1950 - present
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1450 - 1530
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1560 - 1595
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Why did it get cold?
- Arg: butterfly effect : natural variability
- Arg: Depop of americas (eco imp)
--- Ag monocultured are bad carbon sinks. Forests are good carbon sinks.
--- As forests replace ag fields, it pulls warm carbon out causing cooling
1645 - 1720
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1645: Decrease in solar activity
Coolest decade of the LIA
Why?
- Volcanic eruptions
1790 - 1830
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Low solar activity
1816
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533 - 550
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541 - 542
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1000 - 1300
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By 1000 CE, Euro ag was changing:
- Watermills
- The three field system replaced the two-field system
By 1300 CE, population tripled to 70 mil
- Monasteries the vanguards of vast forest clearings
--> Pop growth = need more ag land
1315 - 1325
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1338 - 1380
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Black Death was very different from the Modern bubonic plague.
- The BPlague has killed more than 3% of the infected and always spread slowly
- The BDeath spread too quickly for flea vectors (rodents)
- Elderly and young didn’t suffer the most
- Can gain immunity to the BDeath
1590 - 1690
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Takeaways:
- The commercial econ of the repubic was less vilnerable to climate change than its neighbors
- Merchants and travelers could endure AND exploit otherwise destructive climate changes
1600 - 1700
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Overpop stretched ag resources
- lots of wars
- Introduction of firearms and italian baston. Expensive.
- Succession struggles
- Strengthening states often overreached
TAKEAWAY: less stable states
950 - 1250
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MWP/MCA Arctic
- Profound change - melting sea ice
- Dorset: relied on sea ice. Melting --> techniques less effective
- Thule: violently replaced the dorset. Migrated (unknown reasons).
1250 - 1300
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1549 - 1611
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Three voyages
- Dutch Quest for NE passage (Russia) 1594-1597
- Anglo-Dutch for N passage 1607-1611
- Aglo-Dutch whaling
300 - 800
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1500
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1776 - 1825
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1500
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Deforestation
- cleared land for plantations
1530
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1630 - 1654
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220
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1630 - 1644
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1640
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China - cold in the 1630s and early 1640s.
- Terrible harvests --> famines that caused distress in overpopulated regions
- Lost Mandate of Heaven
1644
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Invasions start 1 yr after conclusion of the Grindelwald Fluctuation in Europe
Cooling/drying → more severe suffering in neighbouring, militaristic Manchuria
- Solution: invade china and plunder its wealth
- The Manchus ultimately capitalized on the struggle b/n Ming and bandit armies by seizing China and founding the Qing Dynasty in 1644