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500
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The Medieval era in music history was one of the very first. Not many instruments existed at the time so innovation was extremely limited. Some of the most important parts of music came out of this period such as the staff and the Gregorian chant which paved the way for polyphony.
590
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Gregorian chant was invented, also known as plainchant.
695
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Organum is created, which is described as an early form of counterpoint (Form of polyphony showing contrasting voices)
1030
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Invention of the staff by a monk named Guido de Arezzo
1400
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The Renaissance was the beginning of a movement away from liturgical music and away from the church with music becoming more secular and free willed.
1450
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Beginning of experimentation with cantus firmus (form of polyphony, very similar to organum)
1500
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The French Chanson was invented (song set to French text)
1500
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Italian Madrigal is invented around this time (polyphonic secular music performed in groups of 4 to 6 people)
1517
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Reformation sparked by Martin Luther, including changes such as hymns and chorales (songs sang in German context)
1550
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Council of Trent meets to discuss complaints against church music
1573
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First known meeting of the Florentine Camerata (group of musicians brought together to discuss art and were believed to revive greek drama)
1597
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Beginning of early opera (stage work involving music, costumes and scenes to portray a story to the audience)
1600
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The Baroque era focused on a lot of exaggeration, hence the name which when translated means bizarre. The baroque period consisted of a lot of exaggerated music with a lot of intensity included. Early opera began in this time and music became a very artistic part of daily life.
1650
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Around this time musicians began to highly implement the combination of keyboard and bass instruments in music. Along with this many other improvisions began. Suites (collection of short musical pieces played in chronological order), and Sonatas (composition with instrumental soloist) were invented in this general time frame but do not maintain a specific date
1685
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Bach was born
1700
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The classical era, following the baroque period in music consisted of many more innovations and new styles of music, some of the most prominent involving the newest instrument, the piano. The era also focused a lot on the musicians rather than the music itself leading to some figures such as Mozart and Beethoven
1700
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Italian opera became more immersive and expansive. The harpsichord was also given much higher importance and recognized at this point in time
1717
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Bach was offered a position to work with royalty and took it, leading to him becoming more famous
1731
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Piano was finally invented as opposing to the Harpsichord
1732
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Joseph Haydn is born
1750
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Chamber music with a string quartet became very popular at this time, including much more secular music due to being paid for private shows
1750
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Vienna became one of the most popular places for studying music and composition
1770
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Birth of Ludwig Von Beethoven
1781
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Mozart moves to Vienna
1820
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The Romantic area followed the Classic era, focus on the intellectual aspect of music such as how it was composed, and included a much higher use of opera considering the fact the opera now had many new instruments such as the piano and more.
1821
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The Harmonica is invented
1825
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French bassoon is redesigned
1827
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Ludwig Von Beethoven dies
1828
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Franz Schubert dies
1846
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The first saxophone is patented
1856
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The first grand piano ever is created
1877
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Phonograph is patented which changed way music was listened to