James V. Forrestal

Louis A. Johnson
SECDEF

George C. Marshall
SECDEF

Robert A. Lovett

Charles E. Wilson

Neil H. McElroy

Thomas S. Gates, Jr.

Robert McNamara

Clark Clifford

Melvin Laird

Elliot Richardson

*Acting
William P. Clements

James R. Schlesingr

Donald Rumsfeld

Harold Brown

Caspar Weinberger

Frank Carlucci

William Howard Taft IV, Acting

Dick Cheney

Leslie Aspin

William Perry

William S. Cohen

Donald Rumsfeld

Robert M. Gates

Leon Panetta

Chuck Hagel

CIA
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/additional-publications/the-work-of-a-nation/history/former-dcis-and-d-cias.html

CIA
26 Feb 1953 — 29 Nov 1961

CIA
29 Nov 1961 — 28 Apr 1965

CIA
Vice Adm. William F. Raborn, Jr., USN (Ret.)
28 Apr 1965 — 30 Jun 1966

CIA
30 Jun 1966 — 2 Feb 1973

CIA
James R. Schlesinger
2 Feb 1973 — 2 Jul 1973

CIA
4 Sep 1973 — 30 Jan 1976

CIA
George HW Bush
30 Jan 1976 — 20 Jan 1977

CIA
Adm. Stansfield Turner, USN (Ret.)
9 Mar 1977 — 20 Jan 1981

CIA
William J. Casey
28 Jan 1981 — 29 Jan 1987

CIA
William H. Webster
26 May 1987 — 31 Aug 1991

CIA
Robert M. Gates
6 Nov 1991 — 20 Jan 1993

CIA
R. James Woolsey
5 Feb 1993 — 10 Jan 1995

CIA
John M. Deutch
10 May 1995 — 15 Dec 1996

CIA
George Tenet
11 Jul 1997 — 11 Jul 2004

CIA
Porter J. Goss
*Position changed from DCI (Director of Central Intelligence) to D/CIA (Director…) on April 21, 2005

CIA
General Michael V. Hayden, USAF
30 May 2006 — 13 Feb 2009

CIA
Leon Panetta

CIA
John O. Brennan
https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/leadership/john-o-brennan.html

ACTING CIA director
Michael Morell
Fuck that guy

ACTING

David H. Petraeus
Ooopsie scandal

FBI
gottDAMN

FBI
William Sessions

FBI
Robert Mueller

FBI
L Patrick Gray
May 3, 1972 - April 27, 1973
and
William Doyle Ruckelshaus
April 30, 1973 - July 9, 1973

FBI
James B. Comey

FBI
Louis Freeh

FBI
Clarence M. Kelley
July 9, 1973 - February 15, 1978

FBI
William Webster
February 23, 1978 - May 25, 1987

Including assassination plots. See pp. 138-141 Legacy of Ashes

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA_Tibetan_program

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d'état

CIA led overthrow of Jacobo Arbenz
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954Guatemalancoup_d%27état

US and UK backed rebellions
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GuidedDemocracyinIndonesia#Regionalrebellions

Killed many civilians. Blowback bad, but President et al denied it was Americans. See pp 150-151, Legacy of Ashes.

of Lumumba
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CovertUnitedStatesforeignregimechangeactions#DemocraticRepublicoftheCongo_1960.E2.80.9365

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CovertUnitedStatesforeignregimechangeactions#Iraq_1960.E2.80.9363

Most of this lead-up to Bay of Pigs was training guerrillas. Was KUBARK used?
Inside thinking was "get him out just the way we got Arbenz out" of Guatemala. Legacy of Ashes, 156-7.

Plan was to train Cubans at Panama jungle warfare training* but Panama site couldn't handle that many. Guatemala instead, thru secret deal with President Fuentes. This was Bay of Pigs training.

Mid Aug 1960, Bissel put out Mafia hit contract on Castro.

Russia.

Overthrow of Trujillo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CovertUnitedStatesforeignregimechangeactions#DominicanRepublic1961

Chronology here:
http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/bayofpigs/chron.html

Kennedy and CIA. Pp 192 in Legacy of Ashes

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UnitedStatesinterventioninChile

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963SouthVietnamese_coup

overthrow of Goulart
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CovertUnitedStatesforeignregimechangeactions#Brazil_1964

RFK as Atty Gen approved of Helms' and Angleton's attempts to pin JFK assasination on Nosenko. See pp 231-234, Legacy of Ashes

Dan Mitrione. See William Blum, http://williamblum.org/chapters/killing-hope/uruguay

CIA backed General Suharto to eradicate left under Sukarno, who threw out IMF and World Bank. Shock Doctrine, 67.
Religious students trained massacre-ists. Near a million killed in a month. Supported by BERKELEY MAFIA, like Chicago Boys. Ford Foundation's International Training and Research Program. Shock Doctrine, 67-8.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UnitedStatesinterventioninChile

Military junta backed by US

Domestic
SEE ALSO FISA Amendments of 2008
Edward Snowden
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRISM_(surveillance_program)

Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance
*the "Hemispheric Defense"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-AmericanTreatyofReciprocalAssistance

http://clas.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/shared/images/tertiary/BRLASFall2013-MILTONANDAUGUSTO-Collage-GettyImage-672p.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiracleofChile

w Canada and Mexico
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NationalSecurityActof1947

PSYOPS
Truman
Doc here: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/d257
Background here: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v12/actionsstatement

Truman
NSC 10/2 (which rescinds NSC 4-A) expands CIA’s authority to conduct covert action and gives a supervisory role to the Departments of State and Defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. (Warner, xliii, http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/gpo61275/Chronology.pdf)
Doc here: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/d292
Background here: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v12/actionsstatement

Doc5 in Leary, 134.

"In 1949, the National Security Act Amendments (63 Stat. 579; 50 U.S.C. 401 et seq.) were passed, reorganizing the structure of the NSC and placing it within the Executive Office of the President. The three service secretaries were eliminated as members of the Council and the Vice President and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff were added as permanent members." Nixon library materials: https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/forresearchers/find/textual/nsc/history.php

Institutionalized thereafter.
Legacy of Ashes, 43

President Truman signs the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, which specifies the powers and authority of the Director of Central Intelligence. (Warner, Chronology, xliv, http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/gpo61275/Chronology.pdf)

Truman
The National Security Council approves NSC 50, which directs DCI Hillenkoetter to make significant reforms in CIA as outlined in the Dulles-Jackson-Correa report

Probably from FRUS note on covert actions
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v12/actionsstatement

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSC-68

Calls for "immediate expansion of the covert organization established in NSC 10/2, and the intesification of covert operations"
Hard copy marked up
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1950-55Intel/d90

Not acknolwedged publicly until 1957. Church Comm Final Report Bk 1, p 23

Eisenhower. In effect until Nixon, NSC 40
-Brought CIA back into advisory consultation with State and Defense
-President specifically to be advised. See FRUS Note on Covert Actions.
"NSC 5412 was declassifed in 1977, and is located at the National Archives, RG 273."
MAY BE IN LEARY, p. 63
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oversight_of_United_States_covert_operations

Doc 6 in Leary p 143
See p. 64 in Leary re: Eisenhower's request for classified report outside of Mansfield Resolution review of Executive before full Congress

Eisenhower
Specified SECDEF, SECSTATE, POTUS - SEE ANNEX "Standard Procedures"
Text in Leary, Doc 7, 146.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oversight_of_United_States_covert_operations#NSC_5412.2F2_Special_Group

special

"He came back from the Far East in June 1958 at the edge of his sanity, and at summer's end he went mad." Legacy of Ashes, 153.

Kennedy
Established USAID
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Assistance_Act

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v08/d68

Once established, division - this time Counterinsurgency

SEE ALSO NSAM 124
Plus covert operations plans in:
Vietnam, Laos, Thailand; Iran and Pakistan; Bolivia, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Venezuela.
P. 192, Legacy of Ashes

p. 193, Legacy of Ashes. Robert Kennedy asks McCone if CIA could attack Guantanamo. Further talks established CIA wiretapping of American journalists.

Headed by McGeorge Bundy
Essentially just name change of 5412 Special Group (too well known?)
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v33/d204

LBJ
Supersedes NSAM 124, and abolishes Special Group (Counterinsurgency)
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v33/d56

CIA Director Schlesinger signed an order for a report on all CIA activities beyond the charter. Dubbed "Family Jewels." FOIA'd in 1992; declassed in 2007.

"In 1971 James Schelsinger, then serving in the OMB, was asked to do a sweeping analysis of the intelligence community. That study led to an effort to icnrease the authority of the DCI over the management of the intelligence community. Howerver, President Nixon limited the scope of reform to that which could be accomplished without legislation." Church Comm Final Report, Book 1, p 28.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_Powers_Resolution
Vetoed by Nixon in October, overridden by House & Senate on Nov 7

Rider on Foreign Assistance Act.
Amends Foreign Assistance Act of 1961
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hughes%E2%80%93Ryan_Act

SSCI formed in aftermath of Watergate/Church. The Committee was established in 1976 by the 94th Congress. Partially in Leary, Doc 8, 150.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence

Established President's Intelligence Oversight Board. (check)
Carter. SEE ALSO FISA of 1978
Another restructure. NSC focused.
ADD MORE TO THIS
Doc 9 in Leary, 153.
Text at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=31111

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978
Carter
Reigning in Nixon-era surveillance
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act
Amended by PATRIOT ACT

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_Oversight_Act

Reagan's Reshuffling of the Deck
Doc 10 in Leary, 169.
Covers electronic surveillance, foreign surveilliance, and the approval-granting authority in the Attorney General.

Amends 1947
http://www.foia.cia.gov/cia-information-act-1984

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldwater%E2%80%93Nichols_Act
-Established National Security Strategy, executive doc: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Strategy_(United_States)
Under the Goldwater–Nichols Act, military advice was centralized in the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs as opposed to the service chiefs. The Chairman was designated as the principal military adviser to the President of the United States, National Security Council and Secretary of Defense. The act also established the position of Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and simplified the chain of command. Additionally, it states that the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and its Vice cannot be representatives from the same service branch. It increased the ability of the Chairman to direct overall strategy, but provided greater command authority to "unified" and "specified" field commanders. According to the Act, the Chairman may not exercise military command over the Joint Chiefs of Staff or any of the armed forces.[3] Section 162(b) of the Act prescribes that "unless otherwise directed by the President, the chain of command to a unified or specified combatant command runs—(1) from the President to the Secretary of Defense" and "(2) from the Secretary of Defense to the commander of the combatant command".[4]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.ArmyandCIAinterrogation_manuals

Shock Doctrine, p. 28

https://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/president-reagans-torture-advice-president-obama

In wake of Iran Contra, and Oliver North's grandstanding, Act "flatly stated that presidents could not authorize any action 'that would violate the Constitution or any statute of the United States.'" Schwarz & Huq, 58 (See n. 41 page 225, cite to Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991, PL 102-88, 1991 HR 1455 105 Stat 429 $503 (a) and $503(a)(5).
GET FOOTNOTES from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_Authorization_Act
The 1991 Act states that all secret operations carried out by the Agency must be approved by the President of the United States. In turn, all parties involved must be recorded and made public to Congress.[4]
ALSO, Intelligence Authorization Act of fiscal year 1993 called for a revision of the structure of the Agency. The National Intelligence Council was developed so that the DCI could have overall authority on what was suggested in the reports given to Congress.[5] The seats in Council were filled with members of the community who held senior positions with budgetary analysis backgrounds.[5] The 1993 revision also cemented the DCI’s position regarding international affairs within the community as well as the United States’ foreign policies. The United States Secretary of Defense must consult the DCI before hiring new members of intelligence agencies.[5]

The Intelligence Authorization Act of fiscal year 1994, passed on December 3, 1993, forced the documentation of unclassified operations. These would be submitted by the head of central intelligence, the Director of Central Intelligence.[6] Reports on counter terrorist actions, as well as gaps within the agency must be submitted to Congress.[6]

Attempts have been made to revise the Act in order to make the agency’s budget spending available to the American public.[2] Congress has rejected this revision since 1993. There are a number of reasons behind the rejection. Government officials have assumed that because the amount of money would be unexplainable without including a total report on CIA actions, the public would continue to ask for more information.[5] Congress has also suggested that patterns could be made with the analysis of yearly reports, which would allow anyone with access to discover details of secret operations within the agency.[5] The simplest explanation is that after reviewing the budget reports, citizens would realize how much money is going into the agency and would protest in order to lower budgetary allowances.[5]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UnitedStatesDepartmentofHomeland_Security

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act_of_1978_Amendments_Act_of_2008

DoD. See this saved doc: https://www.dropbox.com/s/k8q6trkwpp2bfd1/DOD%20DIA%20early%201960s.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramparts_(magazine)

So many leaks decided to do it publicly
http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Watergate_Investigation.htm

http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/a-look-back-at-the-senate-watergate-hearings/

The spying and mail interception program news led to Rockefeller Commission investigation, which was half-assed. See McCoy, Question, 69.

http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Church_Committee_Created.htm

"The investigation of US intelligence by Senator Frank Church’s committee in 1975, which focused largely on the CIA, marked another watershed. It concluded that the United States could be well served by its capability for clandestine activities overseas and covert action operations—with proper safeguards. More importantly, it altered the relationship of the Intelligence Community to Congress. The Senate and House soon formed permanent committees to oversee the Intelligence Community, which made it more accountable to the legislative branch. While these two committees have always operated within distinct limits, in part because of their competition with the established authorizing and appropriating committees, their oversight has had a clearly positive effect. By looking at the Intelligence Community more or less as a whole, they have tended to make it more coherent, disciplined, and accountable." (Warner & MacDonald, 2005 https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/US%20Intelligence%20Community%20Reform%20Studies%20Since%201947.pdf)

Recounts details of torturing. including techniques and execution. MEDIA IGNORED. See McCoy, Question, 70; see NYT Nov 18,19, 20, 23; Dec 4, 20 - 1977

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Iran%E2%80%93Contra_affair

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Snowden