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Pricing
jorge garcia
Main
william iii
1669 - 1702
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mary
1689 - 1694
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complete control of the parliament
control of the administration
the relation between the two houses of parliament underwant alteration
increasing control of parliament in financial affairs
charles ii denied the right of the house to amend bills
bill of rights was passed in 1689
william and mary were declared king and queen
roman catholic could not succed to the throne
parliament was to be freely elected
no taxation
a standing army was declared illegal
the army annual act
act of settlement 1701
the liberty of the press
the toleration act 1689
the non jurors
mary's death
1516 - 1558
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conclusion of the war with france 1697
a great blow to william's position
his aunpopularity increased
worried in foreings affairs
tory parliament attacked
the war of spanish succession 1702
two features in finantial finance
1693 - 1694
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the national debt
the banck of england
foreings wars
1689 - 1714
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the revolution of 1688 led to a period of prolonged conflict for Great Britain
seven great wars
1688 - 1815
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fixty- seven years
Great Britain's chief opponent is France
Ambitios of France in Europe
wanted to extend and to strengthen her eastern frontier
making the river Rhine her boundary
south east of the Germans
north east, of the Netherlands
Barrier frortresses
the ambitions of France
1689 - 1815
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her rulers attempted to control the policy of Spain
making a close familly allaince or treaty
louis xiv
1643 - 1715
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at the beggining and the French Revolutions
Napoleon
1783 - 1815
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At the end of the period had achieved position in Europe
Thretened the independence of all others states
The position of Louis xiv
1688 - 1713
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his army was engage in continual wars
no serious reverse in battle for over forty years
his navy was equal to those of Holland and England combined
The english kings, Charles ii and James ii had been his pensioners
he had hopes of securinf for his family the succession to the throne of Spain
The revolution in England ruined theplans of Louis xiv
He was dependent upon Louis xiv
William iii, the ruler of Holland
1689 - 1702
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devoted to resisting France
formed aleague against France 1689
supported England 1689
The war of the English succession
1689 - 1697
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Louis xiv supported James ii
Its issues decided wheter Willaiam or James ws to be the king of England
English military operations were confined to the British isles and to the sea
1689 - 1690
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In Scotland john Graham of Claverhouse, Viscount Dundee rised on behalf of James
In the battle Dundee was mortally wounded
In IRELAND James arrived with money and troops
racial problems between the Irish habitants and English and Scotish settlers
War between Catholic and Protestants
Protestants of Londonderry and Enniskillen
The battle of Newtown Butler
William came to Ireland and won victory at the River Boyne 1690
Variety of nations engaged
Jame's forces were French and the comander in chief was a Frenchman
On William's side were natives of England
Others were Irish prtestants from the north of Ireland
Others were Irish prtestants from the north of Ireland
Two thousand Dutchman. the rest were Huguenots, Prusians, Dnes and Finlanders
James fled back to France and in 1691 the war in Ireland end
Battle of Beacky Head 1690
England obtained the supreamcy at sea
1691 - 1697
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Victory at La Hogue 1692
Tourville vs the English admiaral Russell
The French had retired in disorder
Race of Alderney
The English operations
1691 - 1697
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were confined to the Spaniah Netherlands
William was a mediocre soldier vs luexembourg was brilliant oponent
William lost the battles
Luxembourg took no advantages of his victories
William's designs were excelent
Luxembourg won a victory
William was beaten at Neewinden
The capture of the fortress of Namur
The Treaty of Ryswick 1697
France recognized Willias as Kings of England
gave up all her conquests since 1678 except Strasbourg
The war of Spanish succession
1701 - 1714
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Two monarchs involved
for the distribution of the territories belonging to a third one
anticipating his death
The Spanish dominions incluede Spain,teh Spanis Ntetherlands, Milan and Naples
, Sicily and Sardinis, vast possesions in the West Indies and South Africa
Charles ii, the king of Spain had no children or brothers
he had two sisters and two aunts
the older had married the French king
the younger the Emperor
all dead
their respective sons, Louis xiv and the Emperor Leopold i had married
The one he elder sister of the Spanish King
The other, the younger sister of the Spanish King
Louis xiv and William iii proceeded to draw up Partition Treaties
the grannson of Leopold and the heir to the Electorate of Bavaria
was to succeed to the greater part of the Spanish dominions 1698
The bavarian baby died of smallpox
another treaty was drawn up
The Archduke Charles, the second son of the Emperor
was to obtain The Bulk of the Spanis inheritance
the Dauphing of France was to have Naples and Milan
these Partition Treaties were a surprised for the King
Charles ii of Spain was persuaded to leave all his possessions
to Philps of France
the second son of the Dauphin 1700
Louis xiv accepted and threw over the treaty
Philip was declared King of Spain
Jame's death
1633 - 1701
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he recognized Jame's son. the Old Pretender
as he is called as James iii, King of England
Louisxiv recognizedWilliam's title at the Peace of Ryswick
the war broke out in 1702
William died before he colud take part in the fighting
Reign of Queen Anne
1702 - 1714
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the great war
succeded to the throne under the terms of bill of rights
on William's death in 1702
her main objective was the Spanish successsion
John Churchill. created Duke of Marlborough
Marlborough's operations
at the opening of the war
,the French were in possesion of the Spanish Netherlands
Marlborough's campaings 1704
the objective: the expulsion of the French from the Spanish Neteherland
conquest of the French barrier fortesses
advance into France
Marlborough's great campaings came in 1704
he planned a great march from the Netherlands to save Vienna
the battle of blenheim
successful attack
it saved Vienna
it destroyed the impression of French invicibilliy on land
the battle of Malaga
the battle of Ramillies
Battle of Oudenarde
capture of Lille, a French barrier fortresses
Battle of Malplaquet
Treaty of Utrecht.
series of individual peace treaties
domestic affairs under Anne
1665 - 1714
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the union of Scotland 1707
Whigs and tories
the Whigs were in favour of toleration
the Tories were strong upholdersof the churchof England
they were jalous of the liberties which the Disenters had acquiered
under the Toleration Act
the Whigs upheld the constitutional gevernment
that developed as a result of the revolution
the Tories still had ideas of divine right and passive obedience
the whigs supported the war of the Spanish Succession
all the Whigs were in favourof the succession, on Anne's death
of the Electress Sophia of Hanover and her son Geroge
many of the Tories favoured James ii's son
she had close connection between politics and literature
there were misnisters during Anne's reign
Godolphin Ministry
he had close alliancewith Marlborough
he came to an abrupt termination in 1710
the causes were many
he beacme unpopular
Great Britain accepted the terms of peace affered by Louis xiv in 1706
the queen became hostile to the ministry
she was a person of no intellectual atainments
she appears to have little influence in theadministration of her government
she was perfectli English
she disliked a purely Whig misistry
the Whigs were dismised
the Tories were called to office
Parliament was disolved
in the new House og Commons there was a lare Tory majority
the rise of power among the Tories was important
it was to affect the history of the next reign George i
the two leaders of the part were: Robert Harley and St John
they tried to strengthen the church and to weaken the nonconformists
the occasional conformity act 1711
directed against the habit of the nonconformists
the schism act 1714
to deprive the nonconformists of their hold upon education
Anne's death in 1714
George i was proclaimed King
Scotland under the later Stuarts
1603 - 1714
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the condition of Scotland on William iii's was deplorable
it was rent by religiuos feuds
there was little wealth and few industries and bad harvest
the reign of William, Mary and Anne mark the beggining of a happier
and properous period for Scotland
the conditions of Scotland improved after the revolution of 1688
three important things in Scotland's prosperity
Presbyterianism, the religion of the great majority 1689
the Episcopalians obtained toleration
a law was passed in 1696 establishing schools in a very parish
Scotland,long before England, enjoyed a widespread measure of education
the union between England and Scotland was achieved in 1707
the expansion of britain and the final contest with the crown
1714 - 1783
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domestic politics
the first two Georges
on the death of Anne, the Elector of Hanover became King
ascended to the throne as George 1
he had no notion of what was princely
Wilst George ii was occasionally irritable
no over generous
he made a present to Walpole hisminister for fifteen years
neither of the two kings was interested in science , art or literature
George ii was attached to Queen Carolina
she died in 1737
she was interested in philosophy, literatura and politics
George i
1714 - 1727
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The Georgian era
1714 - 1830
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began his fighting carrier at the age of fifteen
commanded the forces of the emire for a short period
during the war of the Spanish succession
came to the throne ata the age of fifty four
did not know english words
should understand or care for British politics
he spent half of his time in Hanover
his influence in Great Britain was small
the succession of George i made the Whigs supreme
the Tories were tainted with Jacobite sympathies
after the succession of George iii
the Whigs remainded in secure possessionof the govenment
the Whigs had an inmense majority in the first Parliament of George i
George ii
1727 - 1760
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led a great cavalry change at Oudenarde
fought at Dettingen
both kings were loyal to their friends
theywereabsolute rulers in Hanover
they never overstepped the constitutional limits
imposed upon them in Great Britain
devoted to Hanover and knew more of Great Britain
he was important in domestic affairs
he spoke English with a strong Geman accent
George iii
1760 - 1820
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came to the throne in 1760
characteristics of our present system of cabinet gevernment
minsiters were chosen from the same party
became resposible for the policy pursued
became dependent for the continuance of their power
not upon the kings
upon the House of Commons
the crown was still a great force and stiil a real factor
in the administration of the country
the ministers had to serveto the crown and the House of Commons
Britain in the eigtheenth centurywas ruled by a Venecian oligarchy
the wealth derived from commerce
the power derived from the possessions of large landed estates
the Jacobite rising
1715 - 1719
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the early Hanoverian period had some unattractive characteristics
in politics there was corruption
in religionwas slept and rotted in peace
its leadres, the bishops were in some cases hardly christians
a period of peace was fallowed by a period of war
in literature, the petry was criticised as being too artificial
the Hanoverian succession
in the Highlands was active devotion to the House of Stuart
Scotland was te centre of the two rebellionswhich took place
the firts risinf was in 1716 Mar's rebellion
Walpole
1721 - 1742
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a company had been formed in 1711 to secure the trade sea
in 1719 it offered to take over the National Debt
the sole creditor of the government
in 1736 two smuggñers robbed a custom house officer
was a disorder and stones were thrown at the town guard
Captain Porteousgave orders to fire and some people were killed
he was condenned to death
he was reprieved by the government and the mob
Walpole's Government tried to pas a bill punishing
the City of Edinburgh
oppositionforced on the war with Spain in 1739
Walpol's mismanagement of it helped to secure his defeat
and resignation in 1742
he was a great minister but not the men who fallowed him
the Whigs continued their long hold of office
Cartenet, Pelham, and the Duke of Newcatle were the new leaders
the seven years war: America, India and Pitt
1756 - 1762
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the treaty of Aix le Chapelle was a truce
war broke out in 1756
Great Britain vs France
their objectives were in America and India
the britsih colonies stretched along the shores of the Atlantic
to the north lay the French possession of Canada
the Frecn colonists in Canada were 60,000
the Englis colonist a million and a half
the French colony wasgeverned by French officials
the English colonies were entirely separate in gevernment
after the treaty of Aix le Chapelle events moved fast in America
the French seemed to achieve their ambitions
Hence the French began to build a great chain of fortresses
in 1764 the building by the French, near the western boundary of Pensylvania
in 1764 Washington intented to capture it
in 1765 under Bruddock
in 1756 formal war was declared between Great Britain vs France
in India
1757 - 1763
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its not a country.its a large continent
its inhabitants speak fifty languages
greatdiversity of customsand manners
they are divide into races
the Hindu religion gives a certain unifying influence
divide into some 3000 castes
in 1767 the empire began to break asunder
India fell intoa condition of anarchy
in 1741 Dupleix was appointed Gvernor of Pondicherry
he took adavantagesin the south of this state of affairs
rivalry between Auatria and Prussia
war of the Auatrian succession
the allies on each side were dissastified with one another
the old alliances were reversed in the seven years war
Austria and France made alliances together and Russia
Great Britain bound itself to Auatria's rival, Prussia
the seven years may be divided into two periods
1766 - 1767
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years of failure
the Duke of Newcasttle for long time was chief minister
never does anything
his personal influence over various^^ POCKET BOROUGHS
rehersing members to the House of Commons
he spent his fortune securiting others
it gave him a good position in high office
he and his ministry could not survive the beggining at the war
commanders fought their battles by absolute and formal methods
Great Britain was in terror of invasion
Bying was dispatched with a fleet badly provisioned
to relieve Minorca but was attacked by the French
supported by the advice of a council of war returned
Battle of Minorca
in Germany, the Duke of Cumberland, George ii's son
was sent to protect Hanover and to cover the western frontier of Prussia
from French invasions
he was defeated and forced to sign
he agreed to evacuate the country
the last five years of the war
1758 - 1763
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years of glory
Pitt formed a coalition ministry
with the Duke of Newcasttle
he was left to conduct the great war
his name will be for ever commented
he became an opponent first as leader of the Boys
of the Walpole's corruption
and of Carteret's continental foreign policy
Pitt was the real ruler of Great Britain
1757 - 1761
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was a great man
he and his son called Pitt did more than any other two men
to rise the Stanlard OF English public life
he had a great views on all things
he held high office from
1757 - 1767
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had all the qualities for a great war minister
he combiened supreme self confidence with the power of inspiring others
had capacity for selecting goodmen
he appointed bad officers
Wolfe and Ferdinand were great names
Pitt's strategy was assistance given to the king of Prussia
Pitt's policy was to absorb French energies as far as possible in Europe
he paid subsidies to Frederick of Prussia
he maintained in Germany an army partly British and Hanoverian
in te west of India and the east Pitt's objective was
to protect British commerce
to extend British possessions
he was concentrated in the conquest of Canada
in 1769 the initial successes began
in America three separate armies advanced
the first failed to take the Ticonderogt
the other two captured Louisburg and Fort Duquesne
two raids were made on the French coast
the first went to ST Malo and destoyed a French shipping
damage at Cherbourg
in Germany Ferdinad was able to reach the Rhime
an expedition was sent to west Africa and captured
the French sttlemment of Corse
Pitt planned twoadvances into Canada
Montecalm and Wolfe were mortally wounded
the French were planning the invasionof England
Spain joined France
Pitt had secret intelligence of this alliance
Pitt resigned an Brune became head of the ministry
in 1762 Great Britain captured Havvana
in 1768 the peace came
John Wesley
1703 - 1791
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John Wesley's influence on the religion life
similar to that ecercised by Pitt on political life
educated at Charterhouse and Oxford
leader of a small society
his brother was another member Charles
George Whitefield the methodists
John was a minister of Georgia for two years
the newly founded colonyin America
he returned to England and built the first of his chapels
formed the first of his regular Methodist societies in London
he carried the message of the gospel
Whitefield was the greater preacher
John died in 1791
their preaching affected all classes
Whitefield made over twelve journeys acroos the Atlantic
Wesley had a missionary tour in Scotland
the movement which he inicited became indepndent of that church
his doctrines and conversion were disliked by many in the Angelican church
the Chapels were designed to be supplemental to the Paris churches
they became rivals
Wesley began to ordain ministers
1737 - 1784
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after his death the Wesleyyans formed in separate organizations
he was a great social reformer
a great religious leader
the founder of a new religious organization
the increased kindliness and humaneness
the development of practical efforts to deal with the problems of poverty
his influence on the religiuos life of the whole English people
the early period of the Hanoverian rule was lacking in religiuos activities
he restored Christianity
George iii
1760 - 1820
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long reign of George iii saw many important developments
the king attempt to revive the power of the Crown
the lost of the American colonies
developments in India
the outbreak of the revolutionary and Napoleonic wars
the troubled history of Ireland
he was the grandson of George ii
a popular monarch
he was a devoted husband
an affectionate father
sincer in his religion
he had interest in art and literature
he was born and educated in Great Britain
whilst his fondness for the public schools
his devotion to hunting
his keenness as farmer showed that he shared the interests
of the Englishmen of his day
his education has been inadequate
he colud hardly be considered a learned monarch
sometimes was ignorant in his opinions
selfconfident and obstinate in upholding them
the failure to pacify Ireland
the delay of parliamentary reform
the long continuance of the slave trade
he came to the throne to gevern and to reign
his policy was quite clear
he aimed not at taking away from parlaiment its control over taxation
but choosing his own policy
choosing his own ministers
he aimed control of parliament through a King's Party
it was the Crown's policy in this second direction
brought it into open conflict with those who wished to uphold liberty
first George made of his position was to exercise his choice of ministers
the great Whig party were divided by quarrels
the king could play off one section against the other
Pitt quarrelled with his collegues and resigned
he wished to continue the French war
the country wished for peace
the majority of the cabinet shared that view
in 1761 Pitt left office and the nation went into opposition
his place was first taken by the Earl of Bute
the king's tutor
he was unpopular in England because he was a Scot
he was considered a favourite of the Queen mother
he employed a body guard
he fell from office in 1763 and he was succede by George Greenville
he was a lowyer and used his special qualifications in a most unfortunate way
first he took a legal view of the quarrel with the American colonies
second, he tried tostifle the criticisms which ere being aroused
by the king's government
he beagan an attack to the liberty of the press
the North Briton contained criticism on the king's Speech
at the opening of the Parliamentary session
a speech whcich was read and not composed by the king
the writer was John Wilkes
the editor of the paper and a member of parliament
the government decided that the article constituted a criminal libel
and issued a general warrant
there were arrests
Wilkes claimed as a member of parilament
he could not be arrested for libel
this claim was upheld by the Lord Chief Justice
he was realesed
the House of Commons declared that parliamentary privilege
did not extend to libel, and expelled
before acctions take place he fled to France
the Wilkes case added to the unpopularity of the Government
Greenwille ha made disliked by the king
Greenwille was succededby Lord Rockingham
tried to conciliate the colonies and repeated the Stamp Act
he declared general warrants ilegal
tried to undo the harm Greenwille had done
in 1768 Chatham gave up office altogether
his successor was Duke of Graftam
he resumed the attack on the press
in 1768 Wilkes returned to England and was elected
Member of Farlitment for Middlesex
he was expelled from the Commons
Grafton resigned in 1770
GREAT BRITAIN AND North America
1763 - 1783
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George obtainde the minister he wanted and his own prime minister
1770 - 1782
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one of the most important crises in our history
the war of American Independence
with the triumph of Wolfe on the Heights of Abraham
began the history of the United States
colonies Assemblies
Great Britain regulated the trade of the colonies to her adavantage
the manufacture in America was limited or forbiden so as
to compete with British imports
the Navigation Act
the protection of the British fleet and army
in 1763 George Greenwille became the Chief minister in Great Britain
he tried to put a check on the vast amount of smuggling
a law was passed to protect the British West Indies
a reserve for the Indians was created in order to prevent abuses and fraudes
in obtaining lands
a standing army
all legal documents should bear stamps
the Stamp Act passed through the British Parliament 1765
Riots a governor's housewas sacked
collectors were burnt
no one use the stamp
Chatham thought that no right to impose an internal tax on the colonies
Greenwille's retirement from office
Rockinghem succeded as Prime Minister
he adopted a conciliatory policy
he repealed the Stamp Act
an AAct was passed at the same time declaring that GB
had a right to tax colonies
the massacre by the colonists
1770 - 1772
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indignation was aroused
one of the king's ships was boardedby American colonists and burnt
the perpetrators were never punished
other events brought about war
the East India Company was in reat financial difficulties
was allowed to export its tea direct to America
the declaration of the independence
1775 - 1776
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