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Use Cases
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Resources
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Pricing
1851
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one of the first modern corporations, Isaac Singer patented a sewing machine
1859
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Edwin L. Drake, one of George Bissell's employees, established 1st oil well near Titusville Pennsylvania. was soon producing 500 barrels/month
1866
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1866 - 1874
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founded by William H. Sylvis, a polygot association, claiming 640,000 members, included a variety of reform groups having little direct relationship with labor. after panic of 1873, union disintegrated and disappeared
1868
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introduced by NJ ironmaster Abram S. Hewitt from Europe, largely supplanted the Bessemer process. made possible the production of steel in great quantities and large dimensions
1869
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created by Uriah S. Stephens. championed 8 hr workday, abolition of child labor. Terence V. Powderly made Knights public organization. disappeared in early 1890s after failed railroad strikes
1870
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founded by John D. Rockefeller, controlled access to 90% of refined oil in US, practiced horizontal (buying out refineries) and vertical (creating factories for pipes and barrels) integration
1873 - 1901
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founded by Andrew Carnegie with business partner Henry Clay Frick. 1901 sold out to J.P. Morgan for $450 million
1873
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1876
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invented by Alexander Graham Bell
1877
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began when eastern railroads announced 10% wage ut. US 1st major national labor conflict, illustrated how disputes could no longer be localized in the increasingly national economy
1879
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invented by Thomas A. Edison
1879
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published by Henry George, tried to explain why poverty existed amidst the wealth created by modern industry, proposed a 'single tax' to replace all other taxes which would destroy monopolies, distribute wealth more equally and eliminate poverty
1881
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AFL, association of autonomous craft unions and represented mainly skilled workers. sought equal pay for men and women. supported better wages and working conditions. demanded 8 hr workdays and would strike if not achieved by 5/1/1886
1882
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pioneered by Standard Oil but perfected by J.P. Morgan. Stockholders in individual corporations transferred their stocks to a small group of trustees in exchange for shares in the trust itself. Owners of trust certificates often had no direct control over decisions of trustees, simply received share of profits of combination.
1886
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bomb thrown in Haymarket Square in Chicago during strike at McCormick Harvester Company. bomb killed 7 officers and injured 67 other people, policed fired into crowd, killed 4 more people. 8 anarchists charged with murder, no one knew who threw the bomb
1888
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published by Edward Bellamy, described the experiences of a young Bostonian who went into a hypnotic sleep in 1887 and awoke in the year 2000 to find a new social order where want, politics and vice were unknown. labeled the philosophy behind this vision "nationalism", work inspired 160+ Nationalist Clubs
1892
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Henry Clay Frick wanted Amalgamated union to disintegrate, cut wages 2x. when strike called,Frick called in Pinkerton Detective Agency to quell. 7/6/1892: Pinkertons approached plant, workers set fire to water. 3 guards, 10 strikers killed. governor sent 8000 troops to force production to continue at Homestead
1893
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1894
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company slashed wages by 25% but did not decrease rent in model town which was 25% higher than other areas.
1901
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created by a dissident faction of 1870s Socialist Labor party
1901
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Texas
1901
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created by J.P. Morgan, merged Carnegie's interests with others to create the $1.4 billion corporation, controlled 2/3 of nation's steel production
1903
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Wilbur and Orville Wright constructed glider that could be propelled through the air by internal combustion engine (the same kind propelling automobiles). In 1st flight (Kitty Hawk, NC), airplane took off by itself and traveled 120 feet in 12 seconds under own power. by 1904 they improved plane where they were able to fly over 23 miles.
1903
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founded in response to exclusion from AFL
1906
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produced by Henry Ford
1906
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published by William Graham Sumner, individuals must have absolute freedom to struggle, to compete, to succeed, or to fail. Agreed somewhat with Herbert Spencer and theory of social Darwinism