Nathan's Year 2 Timeline

Main

East Slovic Lands of Novgorod and Kiev Become Swedish Strongholds

850 ad

(late 800s)

Norwegian Vikings Colonize and Settle Iceland

870 ad - 950 ad

Alfred the Great Forces the Danish Vikings to Withdraw to Danelaw

886 ad

King Charles III and Danish Viking Chief Rollo Enact the Treaty of St. Charles

911 ad

Rollo rules Normandy, Charles III rules France

Henry Fowler Rules the German Provinces

919 ad - 936 ad

Otto I Defeats the Magyars at the Battle of Lechfeld

955 ad

The Magyars Then Found Hungary

Otto I Reigns as Holy Roman Emperor After Rendering Assistance to Pope John XII

962 ad - 973 ad

Erik the Red Moves from Iceland to Greenland

982 ad

Erik the Red Convinces Norwegian Vikings to Establish a Settlement on Greenland

985 ad

Hugh Capet Reigns and Founds Capetian Dynasty (C)

987 ad - 996 ad

The Vladimir I Makes Eastern Orthodoxy the Official Religion of the Rus

988 ad

Vladimir I rules the Rus

Leif Ericson Lead an Expedition to N. America and Winters in Vinland

1016 ad

Canute brings English under Danish control (the Danes rule England until 1042 ad)

Hildebrand of Soana (Later, Pope Gregory VII) (C)

1020 ad - 1082 ad

The Collage of Cardinals is Created to Elect Popes

1059 ad

William the Conqueror, a Norman, Invades and Conquers England

1066 ad

Pope Gregory VII Reforms the Church

1073 ad - 1085 ad

Asserts Papal Supremacy Over Emperors and Kings

Emperor Henry IV Submits to Gregory VII over Investiture Controversy at Conassa

1076 ad

Henry IV is Holy Roman Emperor

1084 ad - 1106 ad

Anselm Becomes Archbishop of Caterbury

1093 ad

Urban II Calls for Crusades to the Holy Land

1095 ad

First Crusade

1096 ad - 1099 ad

Hohenstaufen Rulers of Germany Restore Order to the Holy Roman Empire

1138 ad - 1254 ad

Universities of Paris

1150 ad

Thomas a Becket is Murdered in Canterbury Cathedral

1170 ad

Phillip II Augustus Rules France

1179 ad - 1223 ad

Richard I "Lionheart" Rules England

1189 ad - 1199 ad

Third Crusade

1189 ad - 1192 ad

Innocent III Brings Papal Power to its Height

1198 ad - 1216 ad

John I (Lackland) Rules England

1199 ad - 1216 ad

Aztec Civilization

1200 ad - 1500 ad

Inca Civilization

1200 ad - 1500 ad

Fourth Crusade

1202 ad - 1204 ad

Genghis Khan Declares Supreme Monarch of Mongols

1206 ad

Francis of Assisi Renounces His Wealth

1208 ad

John I Signs Magna Carta

1215 ad

Mongols Defeat the Ch'in Empire in Northern China and capture Peking

1215 ad

Fifth Crusade

1217 ad - 1221 ad

Dominican Order Established

1220 ad

Franciscan Order Established

1221 ad

Thomas Aquinas (c)

1225 ad - 1274 ad

Louis IX is King of France

1226 ad - 1237 ad

Sixth Crusade

1228 ad

Pope Gregory IX Appoints First "Inquisitors"

1232 ad

Pope Innocent IV Sends Monks to Convert the Mongols

1245 ad

Seventh Crusade

1248 ad - 1254 ad

Marco Polo is Born in Venice

1254 ad

Kublai Khan Becomes Ruler of the Mongol Empire

1256 ad

First Trading Journey of the Brothers Niccolo and Maffeo Polo to the East

1260 ad - 1269 ad

Life of Dante

1265 ad - 1321 ad

Life of Giotto

1267 ad - 1337 ad

Philip IV of France

1268 ad - 1314 ad

Eighth and Ninth Crusades

1270 ad

Marco Accompanies Niccolo and Maffeo on Their Return to Kublai

1271 ad

Pope Gregory X is elected at this same date

Rudplf I Founds Hapsburg Dynasty in Holy Roman Empire

1273 ad

The Polos are Members of the Court of Kublai Khan

1275 ad - 1292 ad

Marco Polo Serves as a Roaming Ambassador

Pope Boniface VIII

1294 ad - 1303 ad

Polos Return to Venice After and Absence of 24 Years

1295 ad

Marco is Captured at the Naval Battle of Curzola and Imprisoned in Genoa

1298 ad - 1299 ad

While in prison, he dictates: "A Description of the World" to a cell mate named Rustichello

Life of Petrarch

1304 ad - 1374 ad

Babylonian Captivity

1305 ad - 1377 ad

Pope Clement V

1305 ad - 1314 ad

Charles de Valois Requests a Copy of Marcos Manuscript

1307 ad

Charles de Valois was the brother of Phillip IV of France,

Pope Clement V Forbids All Trading with the Muslims

1307 ad

John Wycliffe (Wyclif) (c)

1320 ad - 1384 ad

Marco Polo Dies in Venice at Age 70

1324 ad

Edward III of England

1327 ad - 1377 ad

Philip VI Rules (first of the Valois Dynasty)

1328 ad - 1350 ad

Hundred Year's War

1337 ad - 1453 ad

Battle of Crecy

1346 ad

Black Death Kills a Quarter of Europe's Population

1347 ad - 1352 ad

Battle of Portiers

1350 ad

King John of France

1350 ad - 1364 ad

Charles V of France

1364 ad - 1380 ad

The Chinese Recapture China from the Mongols; the Ming Dynasty Begins

1368 ad

Jan Hus

1369 ad - 1415 ad

Richard II of England

1377 ad - 1399 ad

Great Schism

1378 ad - 1417 ad

Charles VI of France

1380 ad - 1422 ad

John Wycliffe and Aids Complete English Bible

1382 ad

Life of Donatello (c)

1386 ad - 1466 ad

Life of Cosimo de' Medici

1389 ad - 1464 ad

Johannes Gutenberg

1391 ad - 1468 ad

Life of Prince Henry the Navigator

1394 ad - 1460 ad

Ghiberti Wins the Competition for the Design of the Baptistery Doors

1401 ad

Doors completed in 1424 ad

Life of Lorenzo Valla

1407 ad - 1457 ad

Joan of Arc

1412 ad - 1431 ad

Henry V

1413 ad - 1422 ad

Battle of Agincourt

1415 ad

Jan Hus is Burned at the Stake

1415 ad

Treaty of Troyes

1415 ad

Work Begins on Brunelleschi's Dome on the Florence Cathedral

1420 ad

Charles VII of France

1422 ad - 1461 ad

Henry VI of England (and France)

1422 ad - 1461 ad

Joan of Arc Relieves the Siege of Orleans

1429 ad

Cosimo de' Medici Begins to Rule Florence in Fact, but not in Name

1434 ad

Life of Lorenzo de' Medici

1449 ad - 1492 ad

Life of Leonardo da Vinci

1452 ad - 1519 ad

The Turks Capture Constantinople Using Cannons

1453 ad

Many scholars flee to Italy bringing Greek writings and other books

Johannes Gutenburg Invents Printing Press

1455 ad

The First Battle of the Wars of Roses Occurs at St. Albans

1455 ad

Wars of the Roses

1455 ad - 1485 ad

Edward IV (White Rose) and Henry VI (Red Rose) Both Claim Kingship.

1461 ad

Edward IV Prevails at the Battle of Towton

Louis XI is King of France

1461 ad - 1483 ad

Life of Desiderius Eramsus

1466 ad - 1536 ad

Lorenzo de' Medici Begins to Rule Florence

1469 ad

Spain's King Ferdinand Marries Queen Isabella

After the Battle of Barnet, Edward IV is King Again

1471 ad

Life of Albrecht Durer

1471 ad - 1528 ad

Life of Michelangelo

1475 ad - 1564 ad

Botticelli Paints La Primavera

1477 ad - 1478 ad

First Edition of "A Description of the World" is Printed at Nuremburg

1477 ad

Book by Marco Polo

Da Vinci Draws Flying Machines in His Notebook

1480 ad - 1489 ad

Life of Martin Luther

1483 ad - 1546 ad

Life of Raphael

1483 ad - 1520 ad

Richard III is Made King and Murders Edward V and His Brother

1483 ad

Richard III was Duke of Gloucester

Battle of Bosworth Field ends Wars of Roses

1485 ad

Tudor dynasty begins with Henry Tudor becoming king Henry VII

Life of Titian (c)

1485 ad - 1576 ad

Bartolomeu Diaz First Rounds Cape of Storms (Cape of Good Hope) for Portugal

1488 ad

Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia) is Pope

1492 ad - 1503 ad

Columbus Sails the Ocean from Spain

1492 ad

Spain Conquers Granada and Expels Muslims from the Iberian Peninsula

1492 ad

King Charles VIII of France Invades Italy

1494 ad

Life of William Tyndale

1494 ad - 1536 ad

Savonarola Controls Florence

1494 ad - 1497 ad

Da Vinci Paints Last Supper

1495 ad - 1498 ad

Vasco Da Gama of Portugal Successfully Sails to India and Back

1497 ad - 1498 ad

Establishing a trade monopoly for his country

Savonarola is Burned at the Stake for Heresy

1498 ad

Da Vinci Becomes Cesare Borgia's Military Engineer and Chief Architect

1500 ad

Life of Charles V

1500 ad - 1558 ad

Michelangelo Carves David

1501 ad - 1504 ad

Julias II (Art Patron) Becomes Pope

1503 ad

Pope Alexander Dies VI Dies, His Son Cesare Borgia Loses Power

1503 ad

Da Vinci Completes Mona Lisa

1506 ad

Luther is Ordained a Priest

1507 ad

Leo X (Giovanni, Son of Loenzo de' Medici) Becomes Pope

1508 ad

Michelangelo Paints the Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

1508 ad - 1512 ad

Erasmus Publishes "In Praise of Folly"

1509 ad

Henry VIII Rules England

1509 ad - 1547 ad

Machiavelli Writes "The Prince"

1513 ad

Ponce de Leon Explores Florida and the Gulf of Mexico

1513 ad

Life of John Knox (c)

1514 ad - 1572 ad

Francis I of France Tolerates Huguenots, Their Numbers Grow

1515 ad - 1547 ad

Erasmus Publishes His Greek New Testament

1516 ad

Johann Tetzel Sells Indulgences in Germany

1517 ad

Luther Nails His 95 Theses to the Wittenberg Door

1517 ad

Cortez Subdues Aztecs

1519 ad - 1521 ad

Luther Testifies Before the Diet of Worms

1521 ad

Zwingli's Protestantism is Established in Zurich

1523 ad

Peasants of Germanic States Revolt and are Mercilessly Suppressed

1524 ad - 1525 ad

Early Mennonites (Known as the Swiss Brethren) Start Meeting in Switzerland

1525 ad

Life of Peter Bruegel

1525 ad - 1569 ad

Sebastian Cabot Explores Rivers of South America

1527 ad - 1529 ad

Castiglione's "The Courtier" is Published

1528 ad

Most Swiss Cities are Protestant (Rural Cities are Still Catholic)

1528 ad

Charles V is Crowned Holy Roman Emperor

1530 ad

Life of Ivan the Terrible

1530 ad - 1584 ad

Lutherans Present the Augsburg Confession

1530 ad

Pizarro Conquers the Incas

1532 ad

Cranmer is Appointed Archbishop of Canterbury

1533 ad

He Supports Henry's Marriage to Anne Boleyn and His Creation of the Church of England

Jacob Hutter Leads the Hutterites

1533 ad - 1536 ad

Society of Jesus (Jesuits) formed by Ignatius Loyola

1534 ad

Michelangelo Paints The Last Judgement in the Sistine Chapel

1535 ad - 1541 ad

Calvin Publishes "Institutions of the Christian Religion"

1536 ad

Christian I Establishes Lutheranism in Denmark

1536 ad

De Soto Explores the (Future) Southeastern United States

1539 ad

Coronado Explores the (Future) Southwestern United States

1540 ad - 1542 ad

Gustav I Establishes Lutheranism in Sweden

1540 ad

Pope Paul III approves Jesuit Order

1540 ad

Calvin is the Major Influence in Geneva

1541 ad - 1564 ad

Andreas Vesalius Publishes "On the Fabric of the Human Body"

1543 ad

Nicolaus Copernicus Publishes "On the Revelutions of the Heavenly Spheres"

1543 ad

Council of Trent Cements Catholic-Protestant Differences

1545 ad - 1563 ad

Edward VI Rules England

1547 ad - 1553 ad

Lady Jane Grey Rules for Nine Days

1553 ad

Protestant Princes Force Charles V to Accept the Peace of Augsburg

1555 ad

Cranmer is Burned at the Stake

1556 ad

Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, Abdicates to His Son Philip I

1556 ad

Elizabeth I is Queen of England

1558 ad - 1603 ad

Scots Establish Presbyterianism, Under John Knox

1560 ad

St Bartholomew's Day Massacre of Huguenots

1572 ad

Drake Circumnavigates the World

1577 ad - 1580 ad

Life of John Smith

1580 ad - 1631 ad

William I Leads the Dutch in Declaring Independence from Spain

1581 ad

Life of Heinrich Schutz

1585 ad - 1672 ad

Mary, Queen of Scots, is Beheaded. Her Son, James, rules Scotland as James VI

1585 ad

Spanish Armada is Defeated by the English

1588 ad

Henry IV Becomes King of France and Converts to Catholicism

1589 ad

Shakespeare Writes and Performs His Plays

1590 ad - 1613 ad

Life of Pocahontas (c)

1595 ad - 1617 ad

Edict of Nantes Allows Religious Toleration in France

1598 ad

Caravaggio Paints "The Crucifixion of Saint Peter"

1600 ad

James I Rules England and Scotland (As James VI)

1603 ad - 1625 ad

Reign of James I of England

1603 ad - 1625 ad

Life of Rembrandt

1606 ad - 1669 ad

Henry Hudson Explores North American Waterways and Landforms

1607 ad - 1611 ad

Jamestown is Founded

1607 ad

Reign of Louis XIII of France

1610 ad - 1643 ad

Rubens Paints the "Descent from the Cross"

1612 ad - 1614 ad

Thirty Years War

1618 ad - 1648 ad

First Africans Sent to Jamestown

1619 ad

House of Burgesses Meets of the First Time

1619 ad

Plymouth Founded by English Separatists and Others

1620 ad

Mayflower compact signed

William Bradford Serves as Governor of Plymouth Plantation

1621 ad - 1657 ad

Except for Five Years in Which He Assists

Cardinal Richelieu is Louis XIII's Chief Minister

1624 ad - 1643 ad

The Dutch Found New Netherland

1624 ad

Reign of Charles I

1625 ad - 1649 ad

Dutch Colonist Peter Minuit Buys Manhattan Island

1626 ad

Baught From Native Americans for $24.00

Peter Minuit is Director-General of New Netherland

1626 ad - 1633 ad

The Puritans Found Massachusetts Bay Colony Under John Winthrop

1630 ad

Lord Baltimore Sends Settlers to Maryland

1634 ad

Roger Williams Founds Providence

1636 ad

Peter Minuit Founds New Sweden

1638 ad

Cardinal Mazarin Rules France for Louis XIII and Louis XIV During His Minority

1643 ad - 1715 ad

Reign of Louis XIV of France

1643 ad - 1715 ad

Peace of Westphalia

1648 ad

Rump Parliament

1648 ad - 1660 ad

Spain Recognizes Dutch Independence

1648 ad

England Ruled as Commonwealth

1649 ad - 1653 ad

Life of Duke of Marlborough

1650 ad - 1722 ad

England Ruled as Protectorate (Army Rule)

1653 ad - 1659 ad

Reign of Leopold I as Holy Roman Emperor

1658 ad - 1705 ad

Reign of Charles II

1660 ad - 1685 ad

Charles Grants Carolina Territories to Supporters

1663 ad

Connecticut Colonies are Merged into One Royal Colony

1663 ad

Duke of York Takes Possession of New Netherland

1664 ad

Forms New York out of New Netherland

James Grants New Jersey Territory to Loyal Friends

1664 ad

"Pensees" is Published

1669 ad

Louis de Buade de Frontenac is Governor General

1672 ad - 1682 ad

Governor General of New France and He also Defended Quebec From British Invasion During King William's War (also took part in 1689-1698 ad)

King Philip's War Devastates New England

1675 ad - 1676 ad

Life of Antonio Vivaldi, Composer

1678 ad - 1741 ad

The Pueblo Revolt

1680 ad - 1692 ad

Charles II Grants Pennsylvania to William Penn

1681 ad

He Then Leases Delaware Territories as Well

Reign of Peter I (The Great) of Russia

1682 ad - 1725 ad

Life of George Frederic Handel, Composer

1685 ad - 1759 ad

Life of Johann Sebastian Bach, Composer

1685 ad - 1750 ad

Reign of James II of England

1685 ad - 1688 ad

Parliament Triumphs in the Glorious Revolution

1688 ad

Life of Charles Montesquieu

1689 ad - 1755 ad

Reign of William III and Mary of England

1689 ad - 1702 ad

War of the Grand Alliance

1689 ad - 1697 ad

also known as the Nine Years War, or in the colonies, King William's War

Lie of Voltaire

1694 ad - 1778 ad

Reign of Charles XII (of Sweden)

1701 ad - 1714 ad

Reign of Anne of Great Britain

1702 ad - 1714 ad

Life of Jonathan Edwards

1703 ad - 1758 ad

Reign of George I of Britain

1714 ad - 1727 ad

Native Americans Attack South Carolina Settlements

1715 ad - 1717 ad

Reign if Louis XV of France

1715 ad - 1774 ad

Native American Wars in North Carolina

1719 ad

Franklin Stars the Junto Club

1727 ad

Reign of George II of Britain

1727 ad - 1760 ad

The First Great Awakening

1730 ad - 1749 ad

The First Great Awakening

1730 ad - 1749 ad

Franklin Stars the Library Company of Philadelphia: First Subscription Library

1731 ad

Franz Joseph Haydn, Austrian Composer

1732 ad - 1809 ad

"Poor Richard's Almanac" is First Publihsed

1733 ad

Life of Daniel Boone

1734 ad - 1820 ad

John Wesley Takes a Missionary Trip to Georgia and Encounters the Moravians

1735 ad - 1737 ad

Life of Daniel Boone

1735 ad - 1820 ad

Life of John Adams

1735 ad - 1826 ad

Franklin Creates the Union Fire Company

1736 ad

Life of John Hancock

1737 ad - 1793 ad

George Whitefield First Preaches in America

1738 ad

Life of Benjamin West

1738 ad - 1820 ad

Reign of Frederic II (The Great) of Prussia

1740 ad - 1768 ad

Reign of Maria Theresa of Austria

1740 ad - 1780 ad

Franklin Founds the American Philosophical Society

1743 ad

Founded to help scientific men discuss theories and the Academy and College of Philapelphia

Life of Abigail Smith Adams

1744 ad - 1818 ad

French and Indian War in America

1754 ad - 1763 ad

Sparked by the first shots of Washington at Fort Duquesne

English Prisoners Die in the Black Hole of Calcutta

1756 ad

Seven Years War in Europe and Canada

1756 ad - 1763 ad

Began with Frederick II's invasion of the German State of Saxony

Battle of Plassey Gives British Control over India

1757 ad

British Capture Quebec

1759 ad

George III's Reign

1760 ad - 1820 ad

Montreal Surrenders to the British, Giving Them Complete Control of New France

1760 ad

Reign of Catherine the Great of Russia

1762 ad - 1798 ad

Pontiac's Rebellion

1763 ad - 1766 ad

Proclamation Line

1763 ad

Treaty of Paris Ends French Presence in N. America, Ends French and Indian War

1763 ad

Stamp Act

1765 ad

Townshend Acts

1767 ad

Captain Cook's Expeditions to the Pacific

1768 ad - 1771 ad

Charts New Zealand and Australia

Boston Massacre

1770 ad

Boston Tea Party

1773 ad

First Continental Congress Meets

1774 ad

George III Imposes Intolerable Acts on Boston

1774 ad

Louis XVI Becomes King of France

1774 ad

Watt Forms a Company to Produce Steam Engines

1774 ad

Boone Blazes the Wildernes Road Through the Cumberland Gap, Founds Boonesborough

1775 ad

Paul Revere Rides Through the Night to Massachusetts Towns

04/18/1775

Warned of Oncoming British Troops

Minutemen and Redcoats Clash at Lexington and Concord

04/19/1775

Congress Names George Washington Commander in Chief of the Continental Army

06/15/1775

The British Drive the Americans from Breed's Hill in the Battle of Bunker Hill

06/17/1775

The Patriots Defeat the Loyalists at Moore's Creek Bridge

02/27/1776

British Evacuate Boston

03/17/1776

Declaration of Independence is Adopted

07/04/1776

The Redcoats Defeat the Patriots at Long Island

08/27/1776

The British Occupy New York City

09/15/1776

Washington Mounts an Ambush to Hessian Troops

12/25/1776 - 12/26/1776

Attacks at Trenton by Crossing the Delaware

America is Governed by the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union

1777 ad - 1787 ad

Washington and the British Retire their Troops to Winter Quarters

1/1/1777 - 1/31/1777

Washington Gains Victory at Princeton

1/3/1777

Loyalists and Indians Force Patriots Back at Oriskany, But Then Withdraw

08/6/1777

Patriots Crush Hessians Near Bennington

08/16/1777

Burgoyne Surrenders at Saratoga

10/17/1777

Washington's Army Retires to Winter Quarters at Valley Forge

12/19/1777

Antoine Lavoisier Recognizes and Names Oxygen

1778 ad

United States and France Sing in Alliance

2/6/1778

Redcoats take Savannah

12/29/1778

Spain Declares War on Great Britain

6/21/1779

John Paul Jones's Ship (Bonhomme Richard) Captures British Ship (Serapis)

9/23/1779

Charleston Falls After a British Seige

5/12/1780

British Defeat Americas at Camden

8/16/1780

A French Fleet Inflicts Great Damage on a British Naval Force at Chesapeake Bay

9/5/1781

Cornwallis's Forces Surrender at Yorktown

10/19/1781

King George's Chief Minister, Lord North, Resigns

3/20/1782

Americans and British Sign a Preliminary Peace Treaty in Paris

11/30/1782

Congress Ratifies the Preliminary Peace Treaty

4/15/1783

Unites States and Great Britain Sign Final Peace Treaty in Paris

9/3/1783

Shay's Rebellion

1786 ad - 1787 ad

Congress Passes Northwest Ordinence

1787 ad

Constitutional Convention Meets from May to September in Philadelphia

1787 ad

In September, The United States Constitution is Completed

1787 ad

After Completion, it was Signed and Offered to the States for Ratification

Prussian Soldiers Help House of Orange Put Down Rebellion in Netherlands

1787 ad

France Holds Elections, Draws Cadres For Meeting of Estates-General

1788 ad - 1789 ad

Unrest Increases

Louis XVI Agrees to Reconvene the Estates-General

1788 ad

French Constitutional Monarchy Created

1789

French National Assembly Takes Power as Voice of the People

1789 ad

French Revolution

1789 ad - 1799 ad

George Washington Inaugurated as First United States President

1789 ad

Storming of Bastille

07/14/1789

Bill of Rights Included in the Constitution

1791 ad

Estates-General Meets

1791 ad

France at War with European Neighbors

1792 ad - 1797 ad

Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette Executed

1793 ad

Reign of Terror

1793 ad - 1794 ad

Second Partition of Poland by Prussia and Russia

1793 ad

The Directory Rules France

1795 ad - 1799 ad

John Adams is President

1797 ad - 1801 ad

XYZ Affair

1797 ad

Congress Passes Alien and Sedition Acts

1798 ad

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

1798 ad

Quasi War with France

1798 ad - 1799 ad

Napoleon Bonaparte Becomes First Consul of France

1799 ad

French Revolutions Ends Due to This

Napoleon Seizes Power

1799 ad