Jewish History (m.a.)

Martin Luther broke away from Church to combat corruption and spiritual laxity. Initially he was open to Jews, but when they did not convert he became a virulent anti-Semite.

He and fellow Cossacks killed and tortured approximately 100,000 Jews and destroyed 300 communities (includes Jews who died from resulting chaos, famine, and disease). The years 1648-1649 specifically are infamous in Jewish History for the death and destruction. These years are referred to as Tach V'Tat, as they correspond to the Jewish years of 5408 and 5409).

Founder of Chassidic Movement

First modern Yeshiva

Founder of Mussar Movement

Led to pogroms against Jews.

Blatant Anti-Semitism prompted Herzl, an assimilated Jew, to become involved in the Zionist movement, where he quickly assumed leadership.

a formal statement of policy by the British government (in the form of a letter from Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour to Baron Rothschild ), which stated that England viewed "with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object."

Riots against the Jews in Germany.

War "ended" with armistices signed separately with Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, and Syria, completed in 07/20/1949

Culmination of Camp David Accords.