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Use Cases
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Resources
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Pricing
1963
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Ivan Sutherland's pioneering PhD thesis. Sutherland's data organization in Sketchpad led to OOP, with "objects" and "object instances" as its geometric data structures.
1972
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Research began in 1969, intended as an educational environment at Xerox PARC. The Alto was later a graphical programming environment.
03/01/1973
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First WIMP-like GUI
1975
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The first was in 1974 (Bravo), but Gypsy was the first MS Word-like editor in 1975. Both ran on the Xerox Alto
1975
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Date is approximate. Developed on the Alta, seems to have had a lot of features of C, but higher-level (threads, exceptions). Gave birth to the later Cedar, a superset with garbage collection. Java lists Mesa as a predecessor.
1977
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1980
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Released to some "peer-review" folks (universities, corporations), pushed the "everything is an object" paradigm.
1981
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1981
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Very expensive GUI workstation from Xerox. Implemented in Mesa.
1983
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...producing X Windows, Kerberos, precursor of LDAP, etc.
1984
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First commercially successful GUI
1987
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04/1988
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The Open Software Foundation (OSF) formed to oppose OPENLOOK (from competitors).