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French History
Main
Celtic Period
700 BC - 050 BC
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Gaul
Roman Period
50 BC - 400 CE
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Gaul becomes a province
Frankish Period - (1st Monarchy)
400 - 1792
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Germanic Franks led by Clovis conquer the province and convert to Christianity
1st Republic
1792 - 1804
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Napoleonic Period - (1st Empire)
1804 - 1815
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Period of Napoleon Boneparte (begins as a general during the Revolution but then takes over as a military dictator and proclaims himself Emperor of the French)
2nd Monarchy
1815 - 1848
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Restored Bourbon monarchy after Napoleon's defeat
2nd Republic
1848 - 1852
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King Louis Philippe overthrown; "Second Republic" of France
Napoleon III (2nd Empire)
1852 - 1870
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a nephew of Napoleon Boneparte gets elected as president of the republic but then proclaims himself emperor as Napoleon III
3rd Republic
1871 - 1940
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Period of the "Third Republic" (government during and after WWI)
Vichy France
1940 - 1944
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France is overrun by Nazi Germany and occupied; a collaborationist French government is set up ("Vichy France") until France is liberated by the Americans, British, and Canadians in summer and fall 1944; French General Charles de Gaulle emerges as French national leader
4th Republic
1945 - 1958
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Period of the "Fourth Republic" (government that takes over after WWII, tries unsuccessfully to reestablish France's colonial empire in Vietnam and Africa, but collapses during a crisis over war in Algeria)
5th Republic
1958 - 2014
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Period of "Fifth Republic" (current French governmental system)
Rulers
Merovingian Dynasty
428 - 750
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Kings descended from Clovis
Carolingian Dyn.
751 - 987
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Kings descended from warlords who took over from the Merovingian dynasty
Charlemagne
775 - 825
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Charlemagne ("Charles the Great") becomes King of Franks and conquers a large empire in Western and Central Europe
Capetian Dynasty
987 - 1792
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Beginning of the medieval monarchy under King Hugh Capet
Philip Augustus
1180 - 1223
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King Henry IV
1589
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After decades of civil war between Catholics and Protestants (Hugenots), protestant Henry of Navarre converts to Catholicism and becomes King Henry IV, the founder of the Bourbon dynasty.
King Louis XIV
1643 - 1715
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Reign of King Louis XIV (called the "Sun King"), considered the high-point of the absolute monarchy of France.
Events
Creation of France I - Treaty of Verdun
843
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Price, Roger. A Concise History of France. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Google Books Edition, pg 47.
France Unified
1150 - 1250
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King Philip II Augustus unifies most of modern France's territory under the French crown
Creation of France II
1180 - 1223
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Price, Roger. A Concise History of France. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Google Books Edition, pg 61.
Hundred Years War
1337 - 1453
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Hundred Years War against English; modern French "national" identity strengthened by Joan of Arc
Creation of France III - Treaty of Bretigny
1360
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Price, Roger. A Concise History of France. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Google Books Edition, pg 64.
FRENCH REVOLUTION
1789
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Period of the French Revolution (Louis XIV and his family are killed, France becomes a republic)
Franco-Prussian War
1870 - 1871
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Franco-Prussian War (France is quickly defeated and Napoleon III is deposed); radical "Paris Commune" is suppressed by new moderate French government